While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns.

e is true in some smaller countries such as Spain and Portugal, where it is the only medium reaching a general national audience. In many countries, Sweden and Denmark, for example--the stateowned television accepts no advertising. In many other countries the amount of commercial time is extremely limited, as in France, Germany, and Italy. Soviet state-owned television began accepting a limited amount of advertising in 1988.

The chief reason for the population of television among United States advertisers is that it it reaches a vast number of people at the same time. While it can cost well over 100,000 dollars, a 30- second commercial on network television can be seen and heard by as many as 25 million viewers. For manufacturers who must make prospects aware of their products and convince them of its benefits immediately, there is nothing as efficient as television advertising.

Because it employs motion as well as words, graphics, sound, and music, television is a valuable medium for products that lend themselves to demonstration. No other medium is effective in showing how quickly an automobile can accelerate or how well a brand of wristwatch will stand up under abuse and continue to run. Similarly, it is an ideal medium such as long-distance telephone calls.

Which medium carries most national advertising in Spain？

A．Radio.

B．Newspaper.

C．Television.

D．Internet.

. The same is true in some smaller countries such as Spain and Portugal, where it is the only medium reaching a general national audience. In many countries--Sweden and Denmark, for example--the state-owned television accepts no advertising. In many other countries the amount of commercial time is extremely limited, as in France, Germany, and Italy. Soviet state-owned television began accepting a limited amount of advertising in 1988.

The chief reason for the popularity of television among United States advertisers is that it reaches a vast number of people at the same time. While it can cost well over 100,000 dollars, a 30-second commercial on network television can be seen and heard by as many as 25 million viewers. For manufacturers who must make prospects aware of their products and convince them of its benefits immediately, there is nothing as efficient as television advertising.

Because it employs motion as well as words, pictures, sound, and music, television is a valuable medium for products on display. No other medium is as effective in showing how quickly an automobile can accelerate or how well a brand of wristwatch will stand up under abuse and continue to run. Similarly, it is an ideal medium for conveying a mood or an emotional benefit for products such as long-distance telephone calls.

Why does television carry more national advertising than any other medium in Portugal？

A．Because it is the most economic way of advertising.

B．Because it is the most vivid way of advertising.

C．Because it is the only medium reaching a general national audience.

D．Because it is the only legal medium of advertising in the country.

ed a wealth of prospects unless【M1】______ they stayed in education or took up with the wide range of training【M2】______ opportunities. Now, more than 10 years on, their dreams of education and job opportunities have disintegrated, for reasons far beyond their control. While it is something of an adult pastime to complain about young people, we have to face up with our responsibility for【M3】______ letting down a generation. The economical crisis has brought with【M4】______ it a tsunami of jobless young people and many more teenagers waiting in wings wondering what the future holds. Rather than【M5】______ jump on the " aren t they all nuisances and responsible rioters"【M6】______ bandwagon, which would have been an easy movement to make【M7】______ given the coverage teenagers got over the summer, the government has produced a paper on how we all need to be Positive For Youth. Positive For Youth call for a "new partnership approach" in【M8】______ local areas—between businesses, charities, public services, the general public and young people—to provide more opportunities and better support to our teens. For businesses and charities, young people are their future employers and customers. For public【M9】______ services, early and positive support can reduce the chances of public funds wasting in holding young people in expensive secure【M10】______ provision, or managing the remedial effects of inadequate support and assistance as they reach young adulthood.

【M1】

ew house. In one box, she came across a magazine of June 2, 1986.

There's a reason Christine had saved the magazine for 20 years. In its pages, she was one of more than a dozen women reported in an article discussing the "cruel reality" of their poor marriage prospects (前景). At the time Christine was living in Chicago and greatly annoyed by the fact that her social life didn't seem to be progressing toward a trip down the aisle. "I had a lot of girlfriends in the same boat," she says.

But a funny thing happened. At age 40, she married; a few weeks ago she and her husband celebrated their 10th anniversary (周年纪念). Today she' s the happy mom to two children from her husband's first marriage. Looking back on her single days, she remembers her unhappiness. "I had the same feeling that many women have, which is that you're not considered a whole person unless you're married with children," she says. "But as I reached my 40s, I realized that was totally wrong ... I could still have a very fulfilling life. " It was only after she' d come to peace with the fact that she might never marry that she met her future husband while shopping in a supermarket.

To mark the 20th anniversary of this story, reporters sought out as many of the women in the story as they could find. Out of 14 single women in the article, 11 were found. Among them, 吨ht ended up marrying, and three remain single. Several had children. None divorced(离婚) . For her part, Christine isn't surprised. "I've watched a lot of people, married while young, get divorced," she says. "I think that if you do wait until Mr. Right comes along, you have a much better chance. "

How old was Christine 20 years ago？

A．20

B．30

C．40

D．50

A

Christine was recently digging through old boxes in her storeroom preparing to move to a new house. In one box， she came across a magazine of June 2，1986.

There' s a reason Christine had saved the 'magazine for 20 years. In its pages， she was one of more than a dozen women reported in an article discussing the "cruel reality" of their poor marriage prospects(前景) . At the time Christine was living in Chicago and greatly annoyed by the fact that her social life didn ' t seem to be progressing toward a trip down the aisle. "I had a lot of girlfriends in the same boat，" she says.

But a funny thing happened. At age 40， she married; a few weeks ago she and her husband celebrated their 10th anniversary(周年纪念). Today she ' s the happy mom to two children from her husband ' s first marriage. Looking back on her single days， she remembers her unhappiness. "I had the same feeling that many women have， which is that you ' re not considered a whole person unless you ' re married with children， " she says. "But as I reached my 40s， I realized that was to-tally wrong …… I could still have a very fulfilling life. " It was only after she' d come to peace with the fact that she might never marry that she met her future husband while shopping in a supermar-ket.

To mark the 20th anniversary of this story， reporters sought out as many of the women in the story as they could fnd. Out of 14 single women in the article， ll were found. Among them， eight ended up marrying， and three remain single. Several had children. None divorced(离婚).

For her part， Christine isn' t surprised. "I' ve watched a lot of people， married while young，get divorced，" she says. "I think that if you do wait until Mr. Right comes along， you have amuch better chance. "

56. How old was Christine 20 years ago？

(A)20.

(B)30.

ew house. In one box, she came across a magazine of June 2, 1986.

There's a reason Christine had saved the magazine for 20 years. In its pages, she was one of more than a dozen women reported in an article discussing the "cruel reality" of their poor marriage prospects (前景). At the time Christine was living in Chicago and greatly annoyed by the fact that her social life didn't seem to be progressing toward a trip down the aisle. "I had a lot of girlfriends in the same boat," she says.

But a funny thing happened. At age 40, she married; a few weeks ago she and her husband celebrated their 10th anniversary (周年纪念). Today she' s the happy mom to two children from her husband's first marriage. Looking back on her single days, she remembers her unhappiness. "I had the same feeling that many women have, which is that you're not considered a whole person unless you're married with children," she says. "But as I reached my 40s, I realized that was totally wrong ... I could still have a very fulfilling life. " It was only after she' d come to peace with the fact that she might never marry that she met her future husband while shopping in a supermarket.

To mark the 20th anniversary of this story, reporters sought out as many of the women in the story as they could find. Out of 14 single women in the article, 11 were found. Among them, 吨ht ended up marrying, and three remain single. Several had children. None divorced(离婚) . For her part, Christine isn't surprised. "I've watched a lot of people, married while young, get divorced," she says. "I think that if you do wait until Mr. Right comes along, you have a much better chance. "

How old was Christine 20 years ago？

A．20

B．30

C．40

D．50

S. jobs data, although the euro remained vulnerable due to worries about the political and economic outlook of the European Union.

The greenback was sold off after weak U.S. jobs figures on Friday but the euro remained close to 8-month lows after France and the Netherlands rejected the EU constitution in referendums last week.

"It's been one-way news in favor of the dollar apart from Friday's job data... We're seeing a bit of a move back today but it's not that convincing. Such is the weight of bad news on the euro," said Ian Gunner, head of foreign exchange research at Mellon Bank.

U.S. jobs growth in May was the worst in 21 months, data showed on Friday, coming after figures last week showed manufacturing activity was the slowest in almost two years.

By 0750 GMT, the euro stood at $1.2266 against the dollar, up a quarter of a percent from late New York levels on Friday and a cent above last week's 8-month low of $1.2157. The euro was little changed against the yen.

The dollar was also down a quarter of a percent against the yen at 107.29 yen.

Eurozone finance ministers meet in Luxembourg on Monday and Tuesday in the face of uncertainty over further European political and monetary integration following the two "no" votes.

Rejection of the charter at the referendums, along with the region's poor growth prospects, helped push the euro down almost 3 percent against the dollar last week.

Britain's foreign secretary was expected to announce on Monday the country was shelving plans for a referendum on the EU constitution, one step short of publicly declaring it dead.

The euro wobbled after European Central Bank Chief Economist Otmar Issing was quoted as saying that policy strategy does not rule out an interest rate cut.

A cut in rates would further underscore the dollar's interest rate advantage over the euro. U.S. rates stand at 3.0 percent compared to 2.0 percent in the euro zone.

According to the news item, ______.

A．both the dollar and the euro were strong

B．both the dollar and the euro were weak

C．the dollar was strong while the euro was weak

D．the dollar was weak while the euro was strong

r country to work abroad, has become one of the developing countries concern. Brain drain is also referred to as human capital flight. More and more third world science-and-technology-educated people are heading for more prosperous countries seeking higher wages and better working conditions. This has of course serious consequences on the sending countries. While many people believe that immigration is a personal choice that must be understood and respected, others look at the phenomenon from a different perspective. What makes those educated people leave their countries should be seriously considered and a distinction between push and pull factors must be made. The push factors include low wages and lack of satisfactory working and living conditions. Social unrest, political conflicts and wars may also be determining causes. The pull factors, however, include academic freedom and extensive funds for research. Brain drain has negative impact on the sending countries economic prospects and competitiveness. It reduces the number of dynamic and creative people who can contribute to the development of their country. Likewise, with more entrepreneurs (企业家)taking their investments abroad, developing countries are missing an opportunity of wealth creation. This has also negative consequences on tax revenue and employment. Most of the measures taken so far have not had any success in softening the effects of brain drain. One option is to provide adequate working and living conditions in the sending countries. Another option should involve encouraging the expatriates (侨民)to contribute their skill to the development of their countries without necessarily moving back home.

Another term used for "brain drain" in this passage is "______".

A．human capital flight

B．talent loss

C．wealth relocation

D．intellectual immigration

ents of the future can fulfill their business goals will depend not on the regular updating of technology, which is essential for them to do, but on how well they can hold on to the people skilled at manipulating the newest technology. This is becoming more difficult. Best estimates of the current shortfall in IT staff in the UK are between 30,000 and 50,000, and growing.

And there is no end to the problem in sight. A severe industry-wide lack of investment in training means the long-term skills base is both ageing and shrinking. Employers are chasing experienced staff in ever-decreasing circles, and, according to a recent government report, 250,000 new IT jobs will be created over the next decade.

Most employers are confining themselves to dealing with the immediate problems. There is little evidence, for example, that they are stepping up their intake of raw recruits for in-house training, or retraining existing staff from other functions. This is the course of action recommended by the Computer Software Services Association, but research shows its members are adopting the short-term measure of bringing in more and more consultants on a contract basis.

With IT professionals increasingly attracted to the financial rewards and flexibility of consultancy work, average staff turnover rates are estimated to be around 15%. While many companies in the financial services sector are managing to contain their losses by offering skilled IT staff "golden handcuffs" — deferred loyalty bonuses that tie them in until a certain date — other organizations, like local governments, are unable to match the competitive salaries and perks on offer in the private sector and contractor market, and are suffering turnover rates of up to 60% a year.

But while loyalty bonuses have grabbed the headlines, there are other means of holding on to staff. Some companies are doing additional IT pay reviews in the year and paying market premiums. But such measures can create serious employee relations problems among those excluded, both within and outside IT departments. Many industry experts advise employers to link bonuses to performance wherever possible. However, employers are realising that bonuses will only succeed if they are accompanied by other incentives such as attractive career prospects, training, and challenging work that meets the individual's long-term ambitions.

According to the passage, the success of IT departments will depend on ______.

A．their success at retaining their skilled staff

B．the extent to which they invest in new technology

C．their attempts to recruit staff with the necessary skills

D．the ability of employees to keep up with the latest developments