When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people_____
A.at length
B.at random
C.in essence
D.in bulk
A.at length
B.at random
C.in essence
D.in bulk
A.while some physicists conclude from the laws of nature that there is a God, others draw no such conclusion
B.it is only by studying philosophy that a man can develop religious beliefs
C.by examining a living cell under a microscope biologists can under stand the process of evolution
D.there is a disparity of thinking between scientists and people from other walks of life regarding science and religion
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Leadership is hardly a new area of research, of course. For years, academics have debated whether leaders are born or made, whether a person who lacks charisma(capacity to inspire devotion and enthusiasm) can become a leader, and what makes leaders fail. Warren G. Bennis, possibly the world's foremost expert on leading, has, together with his co-author, written two best-sellers on the topic. Generally, researchers have found that you can't explain leadership by way of intelligence, birth order, family wealth or stability, level of education, race, or sex. From one leader to the next, there's enormous variance in every one of those factors.
The authors' research led to a new and telling discovery: that every leader, regardless of age, had undergone at least one intense, transformational experience what the authors call a "crucible" (severe test). These events can either make you or break, you. For emerging leaders, they do more making than breaking, providing key lessons to help a person move ahead confidently.
If a crucible helps a person to become leader, there are four essential qualities that allow someone to remain one, according to the authors. They are: an "adaptive capacity" that lets people not only survive inevitable setbacks, heartbreaks, and difficulties but also learn from them; an ability to engage others through shared meaning or a common vision; a distinctive and compelling voice that communicates one's conviction and desire to do the right thing; and a sense of integrity that allows a leader to distinguish between good and evil.
That sounds obvious enough to be commonplace, until you look at some recent failures that show how valid these dictums (formal statements of opinion) are. The authors believe that former Coda Cola Co. Chairman M. Douglas Ivester lasted just 28 months because "his grasp of context was sorrowful." Among other things, Ivester degraded Coke's highest-ranking African-American even as the company was losing a $200 million class action brought by black employees. Procter & Gamble Co. ex-CEO Durk Jager lost his job because he failed to communicate the urgent need for the sweeping changes he was making.
It's striking, too, that the authors found their geezers(whose formative period, as the authors define them, was 1945 to 1954, and who were shaped by World War II) sharing what they believed to be a critical trait the sense of possibility and wonder more often associated with childhood. "Unlike those defeated by time and age, our geezers have remained much like our geeks (who came of age between 1991 and 2000, and grew up 'virtual, visual, and digital')—open, willing to take risks, hungry for knowledge and experience, courageous, and eager to see what the new day brings", the authors write.
The text indicates that leadership research ______.
A.has been a controversial study for years
B.predicts how a leader comes to be
C.defines the likelihood to be a leader
D.probes the mysteries of leadership
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Movie directors sometimes shoot two endings to a film, undecided about which to use until the very last minute. In the Casablanca everyone knows, Ingrid Bergman leaves Humphrey Bogart, but in another ending Bogart got the girl.
In some ways, it feels like we're in the middle of a movie made by some deranged(疯狂的) economist, and we don't know yet if we're going to get the happy ending or the sad one. Does the rise of India and other developing countries supercharge(提高) global growth, or will all the new competition pull down wages in the industrialized world? Is this period going to be titled The Bright Dawn or The Big Squeeze?
Certainly for workers in the industrialized world, the latest signs are troubling. Profits seem to be outpacing wages just about everywhere. As a result, from Japan to the U.S. to Europe, labor is getting a smaller share of the economic pie. The numbers are pretty straightforward: In Japan, the share of national income going to workers dropped from 53.1% in 2001 to 51.1% in the year ending with the first quarter of 2005. In the U.S., the employee share of gross domestic income dropped from 58% to 56.8%. In Western Europe, workers' share of national income dropped from 51.7% in 2001 to 50.5% at the end of 2004, before bouncing up a bit in the latest quarter.
An obvious—and pessimistic—explanation for this broad decline is the intensification of global competition, forcing formerly privileged workers in advanced countries to accept a lower standard of living. Harvard economist Richard Freeman has argued that the entry of China, India, and the former Soviet countries into the global economy has effectively doubled the size of the world's workforce. As a result, labor is relatively abundant, capital is relatively scarce, the returns to labor go down, and the returns to capital go up.
"Having twice as many workers and newly the same amount of capital places great pressure on labor markets throughout the world", writes Freeman. That "shifts the balance of power in markets toward capital, as more workers compete for working that capital."
This is the unhappy ending to the global economy story. However, the numbers are also consistent with another, much more upbeat(乐观的)ending. It could be that corporate restructuring efforts in Japan and Europe are finally taking hold, leading to higher profits and faster productivity growth, even as U.S. companies continue their efforts to boost efficiency. And it could be that there's just a lag before the productivity gains get passed on to workers in the form. of higher wages.
So, will we get the happy ending or the sad ending? There's no way of telling yet—but hey, what fun is a movie with a predictable ending?
Similar to the story in the movie Casablanca, the world economy______.
A.is experiencing dramatic changes
B.is set in complicated political factors
C.involves fierce competition between different parties
D.is developing into two possible opposite directions
A.patriotic
B.plausible
C.primitive
D.permissible
A.submerged
B.dipped
C.twisted
D.haunted
A.resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B.offer higher wages to the workers and employees
C.enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D.take the fundamental realities for granted
A) incredible
B) intricate
C) internal
D) initial
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What sill I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?"
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.A method to assist in making complex decisions.
B.A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.
C.Research on how people make decisions.
D.Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.
A) assemble
B) converge
C) crowd
D) accumulate
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