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Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.
Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model’s body mass should be a workplace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.
The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16—low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization’s standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.
“Especially girls and teens,” says Record. “Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines.” That’s especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia (厌食症)results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.
It’s commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness. Record’s suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.
In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model’s weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with a BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won’t be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. “A designer can’t survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week”，she says, adding, “Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week.”
51.What do Record and Austin say about fashion models’body mass？
A.It has caused needless controversy.
B.It is but a matter of personal taste.
C.It is the focus of the modeling business.
D.It affects models’ health and safety.
52.What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial？A.A change in the public’s view of female beauty.
B.Government legislation about models’ weight.
C.Elimination of forced weight loss by models.
D.Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.
53.Why are Record and Austin especially worried about the low body mass index of models？A.It contributes to many mental illness.
B.It defines the future of the fashion industry.
C.It has great influence on numerous girls and women.
D.It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runway.
54.What do we learn about France’s fashion industry？A.It has difficulty hiring models.
B.It has now a new law to follow.
C.It allows girls under 18 on the runway.
D.It has overtaken that of the United States.
55.What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week？A.It will create a completely new set of rules.
B.It will do better than Paris Fashion Week.
C.It will differ from Paris Fashion Week.
D.It will have models with a higher BMI.
A、The brain size of the non-language learners grew.
B、The brain size of the hard-working students grew.
C、The brain size of the foreign language students grew.
D、The brain size of the foreign language learners did not change.
Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.
People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Again. “Most of us don't need that kindof skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness.” Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.
Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. “The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”
6. People who are cognitively healthy are those _______.
A、who can remember large amounts of information
B、who are highly intelligent
C、whose minds are alert and receptive
D、who are good at recognizing different sounds
7. According to Fozards argument people can make their brains work more efficiently by _______.
A、constantly doing memory work
B、taking part in various mental activities
C、going through specific training
D、making frequent adjustments
8. The findings of James and other scientists in their work _________.
A、remain a theory to further proved
B、have been challenged by many other experts
C、have been generally accepted
D、are practiced by the researchers themselves
9. Older people are generally advised to ___________.
A、keep fit by going in for physical activities
B、keep mentally active by challenges through specific training
C、maintain mental alertness through specific training
D、maintain a balance between individual and group activities
10. What is the passage mainly about?
A、How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.
B、Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.
C、How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health
D、Why people should receive special mental training as they age.
A、norm-referenced
B、criteria-referenced
C、individual-referenced
D、achievement-referenced
A、High divorce rate
B、Gay marriage
C、Left-over ladies
D、Monogamy
Food writer Bee Wilson hasa messageof hope for parentsstruggling to get their children to eat vegetables: “ As parents,we havea far greaterpower than we think we have to form. children ’s tastes, ” saysWilson.
In her new book, First Bite , Wilson examines how genetics(遗传 ), culture, memory and early feeding patternscontribute to our food preferences.She says that achild ’s ability to judge good food can be formed even before birth. And this insight can be helpful for parents who want their children to eat well and healthfully. “
One of the main things we know about taste is that liking is a consequenceof familiarity ，so the things that our mothers eat， even before we’ re born，affect the way we&39;ll respond to thoseflavors. When we later encounter them, they seemfamiliar. “ There havebeen remarkable studies done showing that if someoneeatsalot of garlic when she&39;s pregnant, the baby will grow up to love garlic.
Wilson, amother of three, notes that babiesare most open to trying new flavors between the agesof four andsevenmonths. But, Wilson adds, even if parents miss introducing afood during the so-called “ flavor window ” ， all hope is not lost. “
It not that the flavor window is shut and we can never learn to love bitter green vegetables. Humans can learn to love new flavors at any age, ” Wilson says.“ One of the amazing things about our relationship with food is how malleable (可塑的） it is. But we don&39;t usually as adults give ourselvesan opportunity to change. ”
28.According to Bee Wilson，achild ’s food tastes________.
A.can’t bechanged by anyone
B.can be influenced by parents
C.will not develop even if he eatsa lot of vegetables
D.will stay the sameeven if he eatswell and healthfully
The word “ preferences ” （Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to_____.
A.ability
B.flavor
C.liking
D.taste
What canwe conclude from the passage？A.We cannever learn to love bitter greenvegetables
B.Wecan always changeour food tastesif we chooseto
C.When the flavor window is shut, our food taste is formed
D.Parentsoften miss the chance to introduce foods to kids
Which life period of a baby is referred to asthe flavor window？A.The time between 4 and 7 months of age
B.The period before a baby is 3 years old
C.The days when a baby tries new flavors
D.The months when a baby eatsvegetables
A、because their crimes were more seriously
B、because they were thought to be more likely to commit a crime
C、because the rich people hate them
D、because the law was not made by the poor people
A、test results
B、videos of a speech contest
C、self-selected essays
D、self-selected works of translation
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