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•For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
DEBUNKING NEGOTIATION MYTHS
Before developing a mom effective negotiation strategy, we need to dispel several faulty assumptions and myths about negotiation. These myths hamper people's ability to learn effective negotiation skills and, in some cases, reinforce poor negotiation skills.
A pervasive belief is that good negotiation skills are something that people are born with, not something that can be readily learned. This is false because most excellent negotiators are self-made. In fact, there are very few naturally gifted negotiators. We tend to hear their stories, but we must remember that their stories are selective, meaning that it is always possible for someone to have a lucky day or a fortunate experience. This myth is often perpetuated by the tendency of people to judge negotiation skills by theft car-dealership experiences. Whereas purchasing a car is certainly an important and common type of negotiation, it is not the best context by which to judge your negotiation skills. The most important negotiations are those that we engage in every day with our colleagues, supervisors, co-workers and business associates. These relationships provide a much better index of one's effectiveness in negotiation. In short, effective negotiation requires practice and feedback. The problem is that most of ns do not get an opportunity to develop effective negotiation skills in a disciplined fashion, rather, most of us learn by doing. As the second myth reveals, experience is helpful, but not sufficient.
We have all met that person at the cocktail party or on the airplane who boasts about his or her great negotiation feats and how be or she learned on the job. It is only partly true that experience can improve negotiation skills; in fact, naive experience is largely ineffective in improving negotiation skills. There are three strikes against natural experience as an effective teacher. First, if a person does not know how well he or she has performed in the negotiation, it is nearly impossible to improve performance. For example, can you imagine trying to learn mathematics without ever doing homework or taking tests? The second, problem is that our memories tend to be selective, meaning that people tend to remember their successes and forget their failures or shortcomings. This is, of course, comforting to our ego, but it does not improve our ability to negotiate. Finally experience improves our confidence, but not necessarily our accuracy. People with more experience grow more and mom confident, but the accuracy of their judgment and the effectiveness of their behavior. do not increase in a commensurate fashion. Overconfidence can be dangerous because it may lead people to take unwise risks.
The third pervasive myth is that effective negotiation necessitates taking risks and gambles. In negotiation, this may mean saying things like "This is my final offer" or "Take it or leave it" or using threats and bluffs. This is what we call a "tough" style. of negotiation, though negotiators are rarely effective; however, we tend to be impressed by the tough negotiator.
An interesting exercise is to ask managers and anyone else who negotiates and to describe their approach to negotiating. Many seasoned negotiators believe that thee negotiation style. involves a lot of "gut feeling," intuition, and "in-the-moment" responses. We believe that this type of intuition does not serve people well. Effective negotiator involves deliberate thought and preparation and is quite systematic.
According to the article, a person is likely to
A.succeed in negotiation if he is lucky that day.
B.do well if he has studies how to negotiate.
C.have at least one successful negotiation.
D.be a better negotiator if he has inborn talents.
A、keine, /
B、kein, ein
C、keine, die
D、kein, /
Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here's astory about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 res-taurants.
Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal,a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplanepilot,and when he was 16 years old,he learned to fly a small plane.
At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States.He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a compa-ny that rented cars.
While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental(租赁的)company,he frequently ate at a nearby KFCrestaurant. To save money on food,he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months,he worked as acook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it,"Mr,Kazi says,"but I always did the best I could. "
One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That day,Mr. Kazi did the work of allthree people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later,the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard asthe manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.
A few years later,Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant wasdirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restau-rant. For the first six months,Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a. m. t0 10 p. m. ,seven days aweek. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant,remodeled the front of the building,and improved thecooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutesfor their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.
A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he earned, he bought threemore restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up,improved the food,and retrainedthe employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit,too.
Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants,but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for morepoorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess, "Mr.Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up. "
When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was to
A.sell cars
B.own a restaurant
C.become a good cook
D.be an airplane pilot
Please read the following short story and complete 2 tasks: 1) explaining what is the etiquette problem 2) describing the correct etiquette rules with reference to your personal life experiences if necessary. Case Study: Before their first meeting, Ryan was told by a client that theirs was a casual office and Ryan should come to meetings in business casual. Ryan believed that a suit and a tie was proper business attire and so wore a conservative suit to that first meeting. When scheduling their next meeting, which was to be attended by the division president, the client said, "Now remember, Ryan, we're a casual office -- no suit and tie this time." Inexplicably, Ryan showed up in shorts, a T-shirt, and sneakers. When the client saw him, he immediately called the president and cancelled the meeting, and graciously gave Ryan one last warning.
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