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以下是一段MIPS指令序列: addi ﹩t1, ﹩zero, 20 #R[﹩t1]<-20 lw ﹩t2, l2(﹩a0) add ﹩v0, ﹩t1, ﹩t2 以上指令序列中,第1和第3,第2和第3条指令之间发生数据相关。假定采用“取指、译码 取数、执行、访存、写回”这种5段流水线方式,并控制在时钟的前半周期写寄存器堆,后半周期读寄存器堆,那么不采用“转发”技术时,需要在第3条指令前加入多少条空操作(nop)指令才能使这段程序不发生数据冒险。>
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
A、complete
B、completing
C、have completed
D、to have completed
A、$7.
B、$9.
C、$10.
D、$11.
You should about 20 minutes on Questions 14-17 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Wheel of Fortune
Emma Duncan discusses the potentiaI effects on the entertainment industry of the digital revolution
A
Since moving pictures were invented a century ago,a new way of distributing entertainment to consumers has emerged about once every generation.Each such innovation has changed the industry irreversibly;each has been accompanied by a period of fear mixed with exhilaration.The arrival of digital technology, which translates music.pictures and text into the zeros and ones of computer language,marks one of those periods.
B
This may sound familiar, because the digital revolution,and the explosion of choice that would go with it, has been heralded for some time.In 1992,John Malone,chief executive of TCI,an American cable giant.welcomed the '500-channel universe'.Digital television was about to deliver everything except pizzas to people's living rooms.When the entertainment companies tried out the technology, it worked fine-but not at a price that people were prepared to pay.
C
Those 500 channels eventually arrived but via the Internet and the PC rather than through television.The digital revolution was startinq to affect the entertainment business in unexpected ways.Eventually it will chanqe every aspect of it,from the way cartoons are made to the way films are screened to the way people buy music.That much is clear.What nobody is sure of is how it will affect the economics of the business.
D
New technologies always contain within them both threats and opportunities.They have the potential both to make the companies in the business a great deal richer, and to sweep them away.Old companies always fear new technology.Hollywood was hostile to television,television terrified by the VCR.Go back far enough,points out Hal Varian.an economist at the University of California at Berkeley, and you find publishers complaining that' circulating libraries' would cannibalise their sales.Yet whenever a new technology has come in,it has made more money for existing entertainment companies. The proliferation of the means of distribution results,gratifyingly, in the proliferation of dollars,pounds, pesetas and the rest to pay for it.
E
All the same,there is something in the old companies' fears.New technologies may not threaten their lives.but they usually change their role.Once television became widespread,film and radio stopped being the staple form. of entertainment.Cable television has undermined the power of the broadcasters.And as power has shifted the movie studios,the radio companies and the television broadcasters have been swallowed up.These days,the grand old names of entertainment have more resonance than power.Paramount is part of Viacom,a cable company; Universal,part of Seagram, a drinks-and-entertainment company; MGM,once the roarinq lion of Hollywood,has been reduced to a whisper because it is not Dart of one of the giants.And RCA,once the most important broadcasting company in the world,is now a recording label belonging to Bertelsmann,a large German entertainment company.
&n
A、每个流水段由执行指令子功能的功能部件和流水段寄存器组成
B、控制信号仅作用在功能部件上,时钟信号仅作用在流水段寄存器上
C、在没有阻塞的情况下,PC的值在每个时钟周期都会改变
D、在有阻塞的情况下,一条指令可以停留在某个功能部件上超过一个时钟周期
A、所有功能部件都要用组合逻辑实现
B、同一个功能部件可以在不同的流水段中被使用
C、每个功能部件在每条指令中都只被使用一次
D、寄存器写口只能在指令结束时的“写回”阶段被使用
A、指令译码得到的控制信号需要经过流水段寄存器传递到下一段
B、每个流水段之间的流水段寄存器位数相同
C、每个流水段之间的流水段寄存器存放的信息相同
D、用户程序可以通过指令指定访问哪个流水段寄存器
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