Few Westerners know much about Pakistan beyond media impressions of Islamic fundamentalism
, communal violence and martial law, but it contains some of Asia’s most mind-blowing landscapes, extraordinary trekking(坐牛车旅行), a multitude of cultures and a long tradition of hospitality.
It’s the site of some of the earliest human settlements, home to an ancient civilization rivaling those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, and the crucible of two of the world’s major religions, Hinduism and Buddhism. You' ll surely get more than what you expected there.
History
Pakistan traces its history back to 2,500 years B. C. ,when a highly developed civilization flourished in Indus Valley. Excavations at Harappa, Menjodaro, Kot Diji and Mehrgarh have brought to light, the evidence of an advanced civilization existing even in more ancient times. Around 1,500 B. C. ,the Aryans(亚利安人) overwhelmed this region and influenced the Hindu civilization, whose center moved to the Ganges Valley, further east. Later, the Persians occupied the northern region in 5th century B. C. up to the 2nd century AD. The Greeks came in 327B. C. under Alexander of Mace donia, and passed through like a meteor. In 711 AD, the Arabs, led by Muhammad Bin Qasim, landed at Debal near modem Banbhore and ruled the lower half of Pakistan for 200 years. During this time, Islam took roots in the soil and influenced the life, culture and traditions of the people.
In the 10th century AD, began the systematic conquest of South Asia by the Muslims from Central Asia, who ruled here up to the 18th century. Then the British came and ruled for nearly a century over what is Pakistan now. The Muslim revival began towards the end of the 19th century when Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, a renowned Muslim leader and edueationist, launched a movement for intellectual renaissance of the Muslims of South Asia. In 1930, the well-known poet-philosopher, Al. lama Muhammad Iqbal, conceived the idea of a separate state for the Muslims of South Asia. In 1940, a resolution was passed by the All-India Muslim League, demanding a separate independent homeland for the Muslims. After seven years of un-tiring struggle under the brilliant leadership of Quaide-Azam (the great leader) Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan e merged on the world map as a sovereign state, on 14th August, 1947.
Tourism attractions
Pakistan is a destination of special interest for travelers and tourists. Its main attractions include adventure tourism in the Northern Areas, cultural and archaeological tourism as found at Taxila, Meonjodaro, Harappa, Swat, along the Karako -am Highway and early Muslim and Mughal heritage of Multan, Lahore, Thatta, and Peshwar. From the mighty Karakoram in the North to the vast alluvial delta of the Indus River in the South, Pakistan remains a land of high adventure and nature. Trekking, mountaineering, white water rafting, wild boar hunting, mountain and desert jeep, Camel and Yak safaris, trout fishing and bird watching, are among the few activities that entice the adventure and nature lovers to Pakistan.
For many Westerners, Pakistan is a country of the following EXCEPT ______.
A．Islamic fundamentalism
B．mind blowing landscapes
C．communal violence
D．martial law
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