The expression of a mechanical wave is y=0.05 cos(6t+0.06t),..

第1题

Heat Co specialises in the production of a range of air conditioning appliances for indust

rial premises. It is about to launch a new product, the ‘Energy Buster’, a unique air conditioning unit which is capable of providing unprecedented levels of air conditioning using a minimal amount of electricity. The technology used in the Energy Buster is unique so Heat Co has patented it so that no competitors can enter the market for two years. The company’s development costs have been high and it is expected that the product will only have a five-year life cycle.

Heat Co is now trying to ascertain the best pricing policy that they should adopt for the Energy Buster’s launch onto the market. Demand is very responsive to price changes and research has established that, for every $15 increase in price, demand would be expected to fall by 1,000 units. If the company set the price at $735, only 1,000 units would be demanded.

The costs of producing each air conditioning unit are as follows:

Note

The first air conditioning unit took 1·5 hours to make and labour cost $8 per hour. A 95% learning curve exists, in relation to production of the unit, although the learning curve is expected to finish after making 100 units. Heat Co’s management have said that any pricing decisions about the Energy Buster should be based on the time it takes to make the 100th unit of the product. You have been told that the learning co-efficient, b = –0·0740005.

All other costs are expected to remain the same up to the maximum demand levels.

Required:

(a) (i) Establish the demand function (equation) for air conditioning units; (3 marks)

(ii) Calculate the marginal cost for each air conditioning unit after adjusting the labour cost as required by the note above; (6 marks)

(iii) Equate marginal cost and marginal revenue in order to calculate the optimum price and quantity. (3 marks)

(b) Explain what is meant by a ‘penetration pricing’ strategy and a ‘market skimming’ strategy and discuss whether either strategy might be suitable for Heat Co when launching the Energy Buster. (8 marks)

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第2题

Mercury Motoring Co （Mercury) specialises in manufacturing engine parts for motor cars and

Mercury Motoring Co (Mercury) specialises in manufacturing engine parts for motor cars and the company has a diverse customer base but seven significant customers. The company’s year end was 30 September 2015.

During the year, a number of the company’s significant customers have experienced a fall in sales, and consequently they have purchased fewer items from Mercury. As a result, Mercury has paid a number of its suppliers later than usual and some of them have withdrawn credit terms meaning the company must pay cash on delivery. One of Mercury’s main suppliers is threatening legal action to recover the sums owing. As a result of the increased level of payables, the company’s current ratio has fallen below 1 to 0·9 for the first time.

Mercury has produced a cash flow forecast to 30 June 2016 and this shows net cash outflows until May 2016. Mercury has a loan of $2·3 million which is due for repayment in full by 30 September 2016.

The finance director has just informed the audit manager that there is a possible change in legislation which will result in one of Mercury’s top product lines becoming obsolete as it will not comply with the proposed law. The prepared cash flow forecasts do not reflect this possible event.

Required:

(a) Explain FIVE potential indicators that Mercury Motoring Co is NOT a going concern. (5 marks)

(b) Describe the audit procedures which you should perform. in assessing whether or not Mercury Motoring Co is a going concern. (5 marks)

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第3题

Fit Co specialises in the manufacture of a small range of hi－tech products for the fitness

Fit Co specialises in the manufacture of a small range of hi-tech products for the fitness market. They are currently considering the development of a new type of fitness monitor, which would be the first of its kind in the market. It would take one year to develop, with sales then commencing at the beginning of the second year. The product is expected to have a life cycle of two years, before it is replaced with a technologically superior product. The following cost estimates have been made.

Note: You should ignore the time value of money.

Required:

(a) Calculate the life cycle cost per unit. (6 marks)

(b) After preparing the cost estimates above, the company realises that it has not taken into account the effect of the learning curve on the production process. The variable manufacturing cost per unit above, of $40 in year 2 and $42 in year 3, includes a cost for 0·5 hours of labour. The remainder of the variable manufacturing cost is not driven by labour hours. The year 2 cost per hour for labour is $24 and the year 3 cost is $26 per hour. Subsequently, it has now been estimated that, although the first unit is expected to take 0·5 hours, a learning curve of 95% is expected to occur until the 100th unit has been completed.

Calculate the revised life cycle cost per unit, taking into account the effect of the learning curve.

Note: the value of the learning co-efficient, b, is –0·0740005. (10 marks)

(c) Discuss the benefits of life cycle costing. (4 marks)

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第4题

Several industrial processes produce waste gases containing carbon monoxide. Normally these waste ga

ses contam no oxygen. They may be considered as mixtures of CO and N₂. If they contain enough CO, it is common practice to mix them with air and burn them, using the heat released to generate steam or for some other practical purpose.

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第5题

（a) State the FIVE threats contained within ACCA’s Code of Ethics and Conduct and for each

(a) State the FIVE threats contained within ACCA’s Code of Ethics and Conduct and for each threat list ONE example of a circumstance that may create the threat. (5 marks)

(b) You are the audit manager of Jones & Co and you are planning the audit of LV Fones Co, which has been an audit client for four years and specialises in manufacturing luxury mobile phones.

During the planning stage of the audit you have obtained the following information. The employees of LV Fones Co are entitled to purchase mobile phones at a discount of 10%. The audit team has in previous years been offered the same level of staff discount.

During the year the fi nancial controller of LV Fones was ill and hence unable to work. The company had no spare staff able to fulfi l the role and hence a qualifi ed audit senior of Jones & Co was seconded to the client for three months. The audit partner has recommended that the audit senior work on the audit as he has good knowledge of the client. The fee income derived from LV Fones was boosted by this engagement and along with the audit and tax fee, now accounts for 16% of the fi rm’s total fees.

From a review of the correspondence fi les you note that the partner and the fi nance director have known each other socially for many years and in fact went on holiday together last summer with their families. As a result of this friendship the partner has not yet spoken to the client about the fee for last year’s audit, 20% of which is still outstanding.

Required:

(i) Explain the ethical threats which may affect the independence of Jones & Co’s audit of LV Fones Co; and (5 marks)

(ii) For each threat explain how it might be avoided. (5 marks)

(c) Describe the steps an audit fi rm should perform. prior to accepting a new audit engagement. (5 marks)

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第6题

Greenfields Co specialises in manufacturing equipment which can help to reduce toxic emiss

ions in the production of chemicals. The company has grown rapidly over the past eight years and this is due partly to the warranties that the company gives to its customers. It guarantees its products for five years and if problems arise in this period it undertakes to fix them, or provide a replacement product.

You are the manager responsible for the audit of Greenfields and you are performing the final review stage of the audit and have come across the following two issues.

Receivable balance owing from Yellowmix Co

Greenfields has a material receivable balance owing from its customer, Yellowmix Co. During the year-end audit, your team reviewed the ageing of this balance and found that no payments had been received from Yellowmix for over six months, and Greenfields would not allow this balance to be circularised. Instead management has assured your team that they will provide a written representation confirming that the balance is recoverable.

Warranty provision

The warranty provision included within the statement of financial position is material. The audit team has performed testing over the calculations and assumptions which are consistent with prior years. The team has requested a written representation from management confirming the basis and amount of the provision are reasonable. Management has yet to confirm acceptance of this representation.

Required:

(a) Describe the audit procedures required in respect of accounting estimates. (5 marks)

(b) For each of the two issues above:

(i) Discuss the appropriateness of written representations as a form. of audit evidence; and (4 marks)

(ii) Describe additional procedures the auditor should now perform. in order to reach a conclusion on the balance to be included in the financial statements. (6 marks)

Note: The total marks will be split equally between each issue.

(c) The directors of Greenfields have decided not to provide the audit firm with the written representation for the warranty provision as they feel that it is unnecessary.

Required:

Explain the steps the auditor of Greenfields Co should now take and the impact on the audit report in relation to the refusal to provide the written representation. (5 marks)

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第7题

Which of the following statements is TRUE？A．Every year, Chicago spends about $ 4,000 on co

Which of the following statements is TRUE？

A．Every year, Chicago spends about $ 4,000 on cooling the city.

B．The design of the garden on the City Hall specially takes into consideration the weight the roof can stand.

C．The Mayor urged the environmental department to look into rooftop gardens in Hamburg and build similar ones in America.

D．Heat islands mainly refer to those dark-colored rooftops which receive and retain heat and will not easily release the heat.

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第8题

1) Milling is carried out on a machine tool called...

1) Milling is carried out on a machine tool called a “milling machine” that is used for the shaping of metal and other solid materials. 2) Casting is a manufacturing process by which a liquid material is poured into a mold containing a cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. 3) Stamping is a metal working process in which sheet metal is formed into a desired shape by pressing or punching it on a machine press. 4) With current technology, the most effective method of CO ₂ capture from the flue gas of a PC plant is by chemical reaction with an organic solvent such as monoethanolamine (MEA), one of a family of amine compounds. In a vessel called an absorber, the flue gas is “scrubbed” with an amine solution, typically capturing 85% to 90% of the CO ₂. The CO ₂ -laden solvent is then pumped to a second vessel, called a regenerator, where heat is applied (in the form of steam) to release the CO ₂. The resulting stream of concentrated CO ₂ is then compressed and piped to a storage site, while the depleted solvent is recycled back to the absorber.

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第9题

（a) You are an audit manager in Weston & Co which is an international firm of Chartere

(a) You are an audit manager in Weston & Co which is an international firm of Chartered Certified Accountants with branches in many countries and which offers a range of audit and assurance services to its clients. Your responsibilities include reviewing ethical matters which arise with audit clients, and dealing with approaches from prospective audit clients.

The management of Jones Co has invited Weston & Co to submit an audit proposal (tender document) for their consideration. Jones Co was established only two years ago, but has grown rapidly, and this will be the first year that an audit is required. In previous years a limited assurance review was performed on its financial statements by an unrelated audit firm. The company specialises in the recruitment of medical personnel and some of its start up funding was raised from a venture capital company. There are plans for the company to open branches overseas to help recruit personnel from foreign countries.

Jones Co has one full-time accountant who uses an off-the-shelf accounting package to record transactions and to prepare financial information. The company has a financial year ending 31 March 2015.

The following comment was made by Bentley Jones, the company’s founder and owner-manager, in relation to the audit proposal and potential audit fee:

‘I am looking for a firm of auditors who will give me a competitive audit fee. I am hoping that the fee will be quite low, as I am willing to pay more for services that I consider more beneficial to the business, such as strategic advice. I would like the audit fee to be linked to Jones Co’s success in expanding overseas as a result of the audit firm’s advice. Hopefully the audit will not be too disruptive and I would like it completed within four months of the year end.’

Required:

(i) Explain the specific matters to be included in the audit proposal (tender document), other than those relating to the audit fee; and (8 marks)

(ii) Assuming that Weston & Co is appointed to provide the audit service to Jones Co, discuss the issues to be considered by the audit firm in determining a fee for the audit including any ethical matters raised. (6 marks)

(b) Ordway Co is a long-standing audit client of your firm and is a listed company. Bobby Wellington has acted as audit engagement partner for seven years and understands that a new audit partner needs to be appointed to take his place. Bobby is hoping to stay in contact with the client and act as the engagement quality control reviewer in forthcoming audits of Ordway Co.

Required:

Explain the ethical threats raised by the long association of senior audit personnel with an audit client and the relevant safeguards to be applied, and discuss whether Bobby Wellington can act as engagement quality control reviewer in the future audits of Ordway Co. (6 marks)

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第10题

Viacom Outdoor is an advertising company that specialises in placing adverts on __________ such as buses.

A、billboards

B、public transport

C、television

D、direct mail

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第11题

You are a senior manager in Macau & Co, a firm of Chartered Certified Accountants. In

your capacity as engagement quality control reviewer, you have been asked to review the audit files of Stanley Co and Kowloon Co, both of which have a financial year ended 31 December 2015, and the audits of both companies are nearing completion.

(a) Stanley Co is a frozen food processor, selling its products to wholesalers and supermarkets. From your review of the audit working papers, you have noted that the level of materiality was determined to be $1·5 million at the planning stage, and this materiality threshold has been used throughout the audit. There is no evidence on the audit file that this threshold has been reviewed during the course of the audit.

From your review of the audit planning, you know that a new packing machine with a cost of $1·6 million was acquired by Stanley Co in March 2015, and is recognised in the draft statement of financial position at a carrying amount of $1·4 million at 31 December 2015. The packing machine is located at the premises of Aberdeen Co, a distribution company which is used to pack and distribute a significant proportion of Stanley Co’s products. The machine has not been physically verified by a member of the audit team. The audit working papers conclude that ‘we have obtained the purchase invoice and order in relation to the machine, and therefore can conclude that the asset is appropriately valued and that it exists. In addition, the managing director of Aberdeen Co has confirmed in writing that the machine is located at their premises and is in working order. No further work is needed in respect of this item.’

Inventory is recognised at $2 million in the draft statement of financial position. You have reviewed the results of audit procedures performed at the inventory count, where the test counts performed by the audit team indicated that the count of some items performed by the company’s staff was not correct. The working papers state that ‘the inventory count was not well organised’ and conclude that ‘however, the discrepancies were immaterial, so no further action is required’.

The audit senior spoke to you yesterday, voicing some concerns about the performance of the audit. A summary of his comments is shown below:

‘The audit manager and audit engagement partner came to review the audit working papers on the same day towards the completion of the audit fieldwork. The audit partner asked me if there had been any issues on the sections of the audit which I had worked on, and when I said there had been no problems, he signed off the working papers after a quick look through them.

When reading the company’s board minutes, I found several references to the audit engagement partner, Joe Lantau. It appears that Joe recommended that the company use the services of his brother, Mick Lantau, for advice on business development, as Mick is a management consultant. Based on that recommendation, Mick has provided a consultancy service to Stanley Co since September 2015. I mentioned this to Joe, and he told me not to record it in the audit working papers or to discuss it with anyone.’

Required:

Comment on the quality of the audit performed discussing the quality control, ethical and other professional issues raised. (13 marks)

(b) Kowloon Co works on contracts to design and manufacture large items of medical equipment such as radiotherapy and X-ray machines. The company specialises in the design, production and installation of bespoke machines under contract with individual customers, which are usually private medical companies. The draft financial statements recognise profit before tax of $950,000 and total assets of $7·5 million.

The audit senior has left the following note for your attention:

‘One of Kowloon Co’s major customers is the Bay Medical Centre (BMC), a private hospital. In June 2015 a contract was entered into, under the terms of which Kowloon Co would design a new radiotherapy machine for BMC. The machine is based on a new innovation, and is being developed for the specific requirements of BMC. It was estimated that the design and production of the machine would take 18 months with estimated installation in December 2016. As at 31 December 2015, Kowloon Co had invested heavily in the contract, and design costs totalling $350,000 have been recognised as work in progress in the draft statement of financial position. Deferred income of $200,000 is also recognised as a current liability, representing a payment made by BMC to finance part of the design costs. No other accounting entries have been made in respect of the contract with BMC.

As part of our subsequent events review, inspection of correspondence between Kowloon Co and BMC indicates that the contract has been cancelled by BMC as it is unable to pay for its completion. It appears that BMC lost a significant amount of funding towards the end of 2015, impacting significantly on the financial position of the company. The manager responsible for the BMC contract confirms that BMC contacted him about the company’s financial difficulties in December 2015.

The matter has been discussed with Kowloon Co’s finance director, who has stated that he is satisfied with the current accounting treatment and is not proposing to make any adjustments in light of the cancellation of the contract by BMC. The finance director has also advised that the loss of BMC as a customer will not be mentioned in the company’s integrated report, as the finance director does not consider it significant enough to warrant discussion.

Kowloon Co is currently working on six contracts for customers other than BMC. Our audit evidence concludes that Kowloon Co does not face a threat to its going concern status due to the loss of BMC as a customer.’

Your review of the audit work performed on going concern supports this conclusion.

Required:

(i) Comment on the matters to be considered, and recommend the actions to be taken by the auditor; and (7 marks)

(ii) Explain the audit evidence you would expect to find in your review of the audit working papers. (5 marks)

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