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此题为判断题(对,错)。
此题为判断题(对,错)。
The Public Health System
One of the biggest changes since 1990 is the degree to which bioterrorism has become a public health priority.Although there had long been concern about vulnerability to biowarfare and bioterrorism the anthrax episode in the fall of 2001 made it clear that the concern is no longer theoretical.Until very recently, the important role of public health at the frontlines of bioterrorism preparedness was unrecognized.Although concern about emerging infections has helped stimulate funding for the chronically under-appreciated public health system, the threat of bioterrorism motivated the first real infusion of new money into public health in
decades.
Many of the capabilities needed to defend against bioterrorism are the same: as those needed to combat natural emerging infections.In both instance, the problem is an unexpected outbreak of infectious disease, of which the first indication is likely to be sick people in emergency rooms or clinics.Indeed, as with the anthrax attacks, the public health and medical responses may be under way before the true nature of the outbreak is recognized. Public health and the interface with the health care system are therefore key elements in any effective response to bioterrorism.
Whether the biggest threat is natural or engineered much remains to be done.Efforts to strengthen surveillance and response worldwide and to improve communication must be accelerated and sustained.Further,we have only scratched the surface in terms of understanding the ecology of infectious diseases and developing strategies for regulating microbial traffic.We need tools for better predictive epidemiologic modeling when a new infection first appears and for better analysis of the factors that transfer pathogens across species.One encouraging development is the program in the ecology of infections diseases that was started a few years ago be the National Science Foundation in cooperation with NIH.
SARS is a good yardstick of our progress during the past 13 years.The syndrome was unusual because novel infections that spread from person to person are relatively rare.Once cases were finally reported, the public health response was vigorous.WHO warned health care providers, researchers rapidly identified a candidate virus, and prototype diagnostic tests quickly became available.The vast reach of the Internet was instrumental in sharing formation and coordinating activities worldwide.Despite these advances, SARS had already spread to many countries.In fact had the disease been as transmissible as influenza, it would have invaded virtually every country in the world by the time the public health response had begun.So what SARS tells us is that although we have come long way since 1990, we still have a long way to go.
The main idea expressed in the first paragraph is that__________. 查看材料
A.the threat of bioterrorism is real rather than theoretical
B.the concern about bio-warfare and bioterrorism has been justified
C.the public health system plays an important role in fighting against bioterrorism
D.bioterrorism has to a considerable degree become a public health priority
A、A. The Book of Changes
B、B. The Analects
C、C. Mencius
D、D. The Book of Rites
What is it about a dog&39;s gaze that makes it so charming? A new study by Japanese scientist Miho Nagasawa seems to have found the answer, and it has to do with something called the cuddle(爱抚)chemical.
The cuddle chemical has another, more scientific name: oxytocin. Oxytocin is a substance in the blood that encourages bonding. Levels of oxytocin increase, for example, when a mother feeds her newborn baby. According to Nagasawa&39;s study, the same is true when we look deeply into the eyes of a dog.
The results of this study can tell us a lot about the history of the bond between humans and dogs. It all started somewhere tens of thousands of years ago. Scientists believe that wolves used to follow humans who were hunting large animals. The wolves would eat the food left behind by the humans.
Humans realized that they could use the wolves to help with the hunt, and eventually both species began to work together toward survival.
Over time, the wolves that interacted with the humans began to change. They became more loyal to their human partners. The wolves and humans started to depend on each other and bond with each other. These changes are what caused some of the wolves to turn into what we now know as dogs, a new specie^ evolved to better survive in their environment.
This process depended a great deal on the bond humans formed with them. And according to Nagasawa&39;s study, this bond was formed with the help of oxytocin, the cuddle chemical.
11. What do we know about oxytocin?
A.It regulates blood flow
B.It promotes bonding
C.It is in the human gene
D.It is good for health
When we look deeply into a dog's eyes, the levels of our oxytocin ____.A.reduce over time
B.go either up or down
C.are on the rise
D.remain unchanged
At the beginning wolves followed humans to ____.A.eat the food left by humans
B.guard against large animals
C.take humans for food
D.hunt large animals together
Over time some wolves turned into dogs ____.A.due to their loyalty
B.due to the changing environment
C.for better survival
D.for better cooperation
What does Nagasawa9s study aim to do?A.Explore the role of human-wolf partnership
B.Show the characteristics of the cuddle chemical
C.Explain the bond between humans and dogs
D.Understand the evolution of species
A、water activity
B、temperature
C、shelf life
D、不知道
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