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关税同盟
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发布时间：2022-01-07
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简述自由贸易区与关税同盟的异同？
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第4题
在我们的模型中，价格水平P在短期内被认为是不变的，但实际上，永久性财政扩张导致的本币升值可能会通过降低某些进口价格而使P下降。如果永久性财政扩张的确使P有轻微下降，那么它对产出无影响这一结论是否仍成立(同上，假定初始条件为长期均衡)？
Our model takes the price level P as given in the short run，but in reality the currency appreciation caused by a permanent fiscal expansion might cause P to fall a bit by lowering some import prices．If P can fall slightly as a result of a permanent fiscal expansion，is it still true that there are no output effects？ (As above，assume an initial long-run equilibrium．)
第5题
短期固定价格模型中，减少货币供给将提高名义利率并使通货升值。在这种情况下，预期实际利率会发生什么变化，请解释为何实际汇率的随后变化满足实际利率平价的条件。
In the short run of a model with sticky prices，a reduction in the money supply raises the nominal interest rate and appreciates the currency．What happens to the expected real interest rate？ Explain why the subsequent path of the real exchange rate satisfies the real interest parity condition．
第6题
如果一国人口下降，货币总需求函数会如何变化？人口下降的原因可能是由于家庭数量的减少，也可能是由于家庭平均规模的下降，这对于分析货币总需求的变化是否重要？
How would you expect a fall in a country's population to alter its aggregate money demand function？ Would it matter if the fall in population were due to a fall in the number of households or to a fall in the average size of a household？
第7题
如果上题中所有资产的美元价格同时上升10%，实际收益率将是多少？
What would be the real rates of return on the assets in the preceding question if the price changes described were accompanied by a simultaneous 10 percent increase in all dollar prices？
第8题
在慕尼黑，一根多昧腊肠卖2欧元；在波士顿的芬维公园(Fenway Park)，一只热狗卖1美元。当汇率为每欧元1.5美元时，以热狗表示的多味腊肠的价格是多少？当其他条件相同。而美元升值为每欧元1.25美元时，相对价格会如何变化？与最初的情况相比，热狗相对于多昧腊肠是变贵了还是变便宜了？
In Munich a bratwurst costs 2 euros：a hot dog costs ＄1 at Boston's Fenway Park．At an exchange rate of ＄1.50/per euro．what is the price of a bratwurst in terms of hot dogs？ All else equal．how does this relative price change if the dollar appreciates to ＄1.25 per euro？ Compared with the initial situation，has a hot dog become more or less expensive relative to a bratwurst？
