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()is/are a major barrier to the effective use of information technology.
A.Cost
B.People
C.Effective applications
D.Management support
A.Cost
B.People
C.Effective applications
D.Management support
The major disadvantage of a bar chart is:
A.Lack of time-phasing.
B.Cannot be related to calendar dates.
C.does not show activity interrelationships.
D.Cannot be related to manpower planning.
E.Cannot be related to cost estimates.
184 The major disadvantage of a bar chart is:
A. Lack of time-phasing.
B. Cannot be related to calendar dates.
C. does not show activity interrelationships.
D. Cannot be related to manpower planning.
E. Cannot be related to cost estimates
102 The major disadvantage of a bar chart is:
A. Lack of time-phasing.
B. Cannot be related to calendar dates.
C. does not show activity interrelationships.
D. Cannot be related to manpower planning.
E. Cannot be related to cost estimates
Section B
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your rnachine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Starting as a ______campus movement, initially observed on March 21, Earth Day has become a major educational and media event.
A.student-leading
B.student-led
C.student-leaded
D.student-lead
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is . the result of what is called a drowned coastline. ______【46】. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that lowered above the sea. As the glacier (冰川) descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest arts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons (咸水湖) . The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. ______【47】Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2, 500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert Island was essentially formed as two distinct islands. ______【48】.
For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate (温带) and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland , and alpine (高山 的) plants. ______【49】The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.
The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. ______【50】. From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier.
A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.
B. Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier.
C. The wealthy residences of Mt. Desert Island selfishly keep it to themselves.
D. The term comes from the activity of the Ice Age.
E. This mountain rises 1, 532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.
F. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
(46)
Mt. Desert Island
The coast of the State of Maine is oneof the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from thesouthernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travelmore than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called adrowned coastline.
______(46)At that time, the whole areathat is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. Asthe glacier (冰川) descended, however, itexpended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank, ocean watercharged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series oftwisting inlets and lagoons (咸水湖)- The highestparts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained asislands.______(47)Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level,indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline ofMarine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands aretiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. DesertIsland is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands.Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as twodistinct islands. ______(48)For years, Mt. Desert island, particularly itsmajor settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer home for the wealthy. Recentlythough, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But,the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as AcadiaNational Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between thetemperate (温带) and sub-Arctic zones,the islands supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach,inland, and alpine (高山的) plants.______(49)Theestablishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reservewill be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors toAcadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well asenjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at thearcheological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.
The best view on Mt. Desert Island isfrom the top of Cadillac Mountain.
______(50)From the summit, you cangaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplatethe beauty created by a retreating glacier.
(46)
A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane andis a resting spot for many birds.B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous ofall of the islands left behind by the glacier.C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Islandselfishly keep it to themselves.D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.E. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, it is thehighest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, adeep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
(47)
A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane andis a resting spot for many birds.B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous ofall of the islands left behind by the glacier.C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Islandselfishly keep it to themselves.D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.E. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, it is thehighest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, adeep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
(48)
A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane andis a resting spot for many birds.B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous ofall of the islands left behind by the glacier.C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Islandselfishly keep it to themselves.D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.E. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, it is thehighest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, adeep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
(49)
A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane andis a resting spot for many birds.B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous ofall of the islands left behind by the glacier.C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Islandselfishly keep it to themselves.D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.E. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, it is thehighest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, adeep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
(50)
A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane andis a resting spot for many birds.B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous ofall of the islands left behind by the glacier.C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Islandselfishly keep it to themselves.D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.E. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, it is thehighest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, adeep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
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The editor of Exciting Comics, Ed O' Donnell, was important in extending the success of this marketing drive. Here organized comic drawing to encourage artists' innovation. The market had declined slightly since the late forties. O' Donnell, against conventions, hired adroit illustrators. He abandoned the low-cost budget publication, a step considered risky to his peers in the publication industry; however, his begin environment for artistic creation eventually proved successful. Kenny Bar was one of the artists that helped spawn the most innovative titles to come out of Exciting Comics. He insisted on revising the concept of the comic book radically; he proposed to create characters designed to capture markets that had previously not been successfully explored by comic books. This revolutionary idea laid the foundation for the now thriving market for sophisticated adult-oriented comic books.
What is the best title for this passage?
A.Kenny Barby' s Contribution to the World of Comics.
B.The Publishing World of Edward O' Donne Ⅱ.
C.The Birth of the Comic Book.
D.The Comic Book Since World War Ⅱ.
The author of the passage is a______.
A.patient
B.doctor
C.flight attendant
D.airline manager
Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart is more than just the world's largest retailer. It is an economic force, a cultural phenomenon and a lightning rod for controversy. It all started with a simple philosophy from founder Sam Walton: Offer shoppers lower prices than they get anywhere else. That basic strategy has shaped Wal-Mart's culture and driven the company's growth.
Now that Wal-Mart is so huge, it has unprecedented power to shape labor markets globally and change the way entire industries operate.
History of Wal-Mart
Sam Walton opened his first five-and-dime in 1950. His vision was to keep prices as low as possible. Even if his margins weren't as fat as competitors, he figured he could make up for that in volume. He was right.
In the early 1960s, Walton opened his first Wal-Mart in Rogers, Arkansas. The company continued to grow, going public in 1970 and adding more stores every year. In 1990, Wal-Mart surpassed key rival Kmart in size. Two years later, it surpassed Sears.
Walton continued to drive an old pickup truck and share budget-hotel rooms with colleagues on business trips, even after Wal-Mart made him very rich. He demanded that his employees also keep expenses to a bare minimum—a mentality that is still al the heart of Wal-Mart culture more than a decade after Walton's death. The company has continued to grow rapidly after his death in 1992 and now operates four retail divisions—Wal-Mart Supercenters, Wal-Mart discount stores, Neighborhood Market stores and Sam's Club warehouses.
Wal-Mart Strategy
Let's start with technology. Wal-Mart pushed the retail industry to establish the universal bar code, which forced manufacturers to adopt common labeling. The bar allowed retailers to generate all kinds of information—creating a subtle shift of power from manufacturers to retailers. Wal-Mart became especially good at exploiting the information behind the bar code. And thus it is considered a pioneer in developing sophisticated technology to track its stock and cut the fat out of its supply chain.
Recently, Wal-Mart became the first major retailer to demand manufacturers use radio frequency identification technology (RFID). The technology, uses radio frequencies to transmit data stored on small tags attached to pallets (货盘) or individual products. RFID tags hold significantly more data than bar codes.
The frugal culture, established by Walton. also plays into Wal-Mart's success. The company has been criticized for the relatively poor wages and health care plans that it otters to rank-and file employees. It has also been accused of demanding that hourly workers put in overtime without pay. Store managers often work more than 70 hours per week.
This culture is also present at the company's headquarters. Wal-Mart is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, instead of an expensive city like New York. The building is unattractive and dull. You won't catch executives in quality cars and you won't see them dragging into work at 9:30 a.m. Executives fly coach and often share hotel rooms with colleagues. They work long hours, typically arriving at work before 6:30 a.m. and working halfdays on Saturdays.
The central goal of Wal-Mart is to keep retail prices low—and the company has been very successful at this. Experts estimate that Wal-Mart saves shoppers at least 15 percent on a typical cart of groceries. Everything—including the technology and corporate culture—feeds into that ultimate goal of delivering the lowest prices possible. Wal-Mart also pushes its suppliers, some say cruelly, to cut prices. In The Wal-Mart Effect, author Charles Fishman discusses how the price of a four-pack of GE light bulbs decreased from $2.19 to 88 cents during a five-year period.
The Power
Because of Wal-Mart's massive size, it has incredible power. It has driven smaller retaile
A.products at lower price
B.any kind of goods the customers may want
C.a more comfortable shopping environment
D.free-of-charge packaging
To start with, we are going to take a look at front desk and reception work. In some way, the reception desk is both the face and nerve center of a hotel. It's the first point of physical contact with the client, and a close and professional relationship should be immediately struck up. So, what type of person is best suited for front desk and reception work? They are people who are self-confident, caring and sensitive, intelligent, and also able to work calmly in the glare of the public eye. Qualifications? Well, the ability to speak more than one language is naturally, a great asset in this job, as is clear diction and familiarity with switchboard operating systems, but these are not strictly necessary. Anyway, I encourage those who are interested to learn more skills to be more competitive.
Now, we'll move on to the second area—restaurant service. Well, a love of food and its presentation is a must for anyone considering this line of work. Also, life in a restaurant can be hectic, hot and very busy. The hours are long, and the competition for certain positions within the industry is tough, but, by completing the International Hotel Hospitality .and Management Catering core option, you will be able to enter restaurant service as an Assistant or Grade 3 chef. As a grade 3 chef, you will be responsible for the preparation of salads and desserts, stocking and cleaning the fridges, etc., and as you learn, you can progress to grade 2 and then, with time, grade 1 or chief chef.
Now, before I move on to the next 2 options, I want to say a few words about how you can best choose your core subject, but, er... are there any questions before I continue?
Questions:
23.What will the lecture discuss for each professional area according to the beginning of the lecture?
24.Which of the following expressions can best describe the reception desk in a hotel?
25.What is essential in front desk and reception work according to the lecturer?
26.Which is the most experienced cook?
(43)
A.The professional qualifications necessary.
B.The available career opportunities.
C.The personal skills needed.
D.All of the above.
The Embarrassing Pharmaceutical Industry
The image of drug industry
The drug industry's image problems are beginning to hurt pharmaceutical companies where it matters most-- at the bottom line.
A year after Merck's withdrawal of its arthritis medicine Vioxx led to an industry wide credibility crisis, the Food and Drug Administration is blocking new medicines that might previously have passed muster. Doctors are writing fewer prescriptions for antidepressants and other drugs whose safety has been challenged, like hormone replacement therapies for women in menopause.
Meanwhile, insurers and some states are taking advantage of the backlash against the industry to try shifting patients to older, generic drugs, arguing that they work as well as newer and more expensive branded medicines. Overall, prescriptions continue to rise slightly, but an increasing share of prescriptions are going to generic drugs. Also, consumers seem to be less responsive to aggressive drug marketing.
The industry lost trust
"A lot of the demand that the industry has created over the years has been through promotion, and for that promotion to be effective, there has to be trust," said Richard Evans, an analyst covering drug stocks at Sanford C. Bernstein and Company. "That trust has been lost."
In the background, new competitors are forcing the old-line drug giants to struggle to keep pace. Biotechnology companies like Genentech are taking the lead in finding new treatments for cancer, a promising and lucrative field.
Executives of the major drug companies say they expect public scrutiny in the wake of problems with Vioxx and other drugs. But they say they are concerned that consumer mistrust has led to unrealistic expectations about drug safety and risks, stunting the development of new medicines.
"I think there is an overall unreasonable expectation right now that there is such a thing as a risk free drug," said Sidney Taurel, chief executive of Eli Lilly & Company.
The major drug makers remain highly profitable. But at some, including Pfizer and Merck, the largest and third-largest American companies in terms of revenue, sales are stagnant and profits are failing, leading to layoffs and-- for the first time in years-- cuts in research budgets. The drug industry, which is dominated by companies based in this country, is hardly in a full-blown crisis, and layoffs are occurring mainly on the margins of its work force. Pfizer alone will make about $ 8 billion in profit this year, on sales of about $ 51 billion, and invest more than $ 7 billion in research and development although the company's research spending fell 6 percent in the third quarter of 2005 compared with the same period in 2004, and Pfizer expects it to stay flat or decline in the coming years. Overall, the industry spends more than $ 30 billion annually on research and development.
But for the companies, and for patients who are counting on industry research to produce new treatments for diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, these are trying times. Wall Street has also taken notice of the industry's woes. Shares of Pfizer are near their lowest levels since 1997, closing Friday at $ 22.43, and a broad index of drug stocks has fallen 25 percent in five years. In contrast, shares of biotechnology companies are soaring.
Without new drugs to promote as patents expire, and with the bar set so high by the blockbusters of the last decade, the old-line companies have depended on stopgap measures to protect sales, like reformulating existing drugs so they can be taken once a week instead of once daily. At the same time, they have used consumer advertising to drive patient demand. But those strategies appear to be losing their effectiveness, as consumers become more skeptical and insurers rebel against high prices for drugs that are not
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
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