The ______of science methods 科学方法的本质

A、the dazzling accomplishment of hard science

B、a balanced development of science

C、the fixed background of space and time

D、a shift from nature to the relation of nature and man

A、我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。

B、对现代科学的价值不能过分重视。

C、我们不能太多地估计现代科学的价值。

D、对现代科学的价值无论如何重视也不过分。

A、1960s

B、1970s

C、1980s

D、1990s

Read the text and decide the function of each sentence in the text. Managers will often put a CV on the rejection pile for any number of reasons. This is not something one should take personally. It happens because they will receive hundreds of applications for a job and need a way to cut that number down quickly to the twenty or so they intend to interview. The list is obviously endless, but includes major gaps, such as lack of qualifications, and minor oversights, such as spelling errors. Managers will often put a CV on the rejection pile for any number of reasons.

A、supporting reason

B、topic sentence

C、example

D、summary

A、The development of RTAs was very slow.

B、The development of RTAs was fast all the time.

C、Since 1990,RTAs developed fast

D、RTAs has become the main trend in today's world.

1. Birth of Jesus This is how the birth of Jesus Christ took place. When Mary his mother was engaged to Joseph, before they were married, she became pregnant by the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was a righteous man. Because he didn’t want to humiliate her, he decided to call off their engagement quietly. As he was thinking about this, an angel from the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph son of David, don’t be afraid to take Mary as your wife, because the child she carries was conceived by the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you will call him Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.” Now all of this took place so that what the Lord had spoken through the prophet would be fulfilled: Look! A virgin will become pregnant and give birth to a son, And they will call him, Emmanuel. (Emmanuel means “God with us.”) When Joseph woke up, he did just as an angel from God commanded and took Mary as his wife. But he didn’t have sexual relations with her until she gave birth to a son. Joseph called him Jesus. They had to travel to the city of Bethlehem to register for a census ordered by the Roman emperor, Caesar Augustus. Both Nazareth and Bethlehem are in the country now called Israel. It is about 65 miles (105 km) from Nazareth to Bethlehem, and the trip probably took them several days. When Joseph and Mary got to Bethlehem, there was no place for them to stay because the inn was already full. They ended up spending the night in a stable, a place where animals were kept. There was probably fresh hay on the floor that they used for beds. That night, Jesus was born. There was no crib, so they laid baby Jesus in a manger, a feeding trough for animals. The manger probably had fresh hay in it and made a nice bed for the baby. 1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ？

A、Mary will save people from their sins.

B、Joseph was an irresponsible man.

C、Joseph and Mary ended up spending the night in a inn when they got to Berhlehem.

D、Joseph and Mary laid baby Jesus in a manger for there was no crib

Although the use of cloning to produce copies of humans has been suggested, many people would judge this to be morally wrong. In addition, the prospect of cloning humans raises false expectations, since human personality is only partly determined by genes. Cloning a sick or dying relative would provide a genetically identical copy of that person, but this new individual would likely develop a quite different personality. Similarly, a copy of an athlete, movie star, or scientist might well choose another career because of chance events during his or her lifetime. One hypothetical scenario involves a childless couple who wish to make a copy of one or the other partner rather than having a child by artificial insemination (授精). The social concern is that the parents would not be able to treat naturally a child who was a copy of one of them.

The impetus(推动力) behind the research that led to Dolly was not to find a way to clone humans but rather to develop genetically engineered animals that would serve a variety of purposes. As there are great genetic differences in cattle herds and sheep flocks, breeding copies of selected livestock would increase the efficiency of agricultural productivity and help improve the quality of such commercial products as milk, beef, and wool.

As in the management of other breeding schemes, it will be important for scientists to maintain the balance between intense selection of livestock and the maintenance of genetic variability. Preservation of frozen cells from a large number of representatives of different breeds would allow nuclei from those donor cells to be used as required. The ethical issues in animal cloning are perhaps less controversial than with humans; nevertheless ,some people worry that producing large numbers of animal clones only increase the likelihood that these animals will be mistreated.

Genetic modification of livestock will also provide new opportunities in medicine and research. Today many patients in need of transplants die before organs become available from suitable donors. Cloning pigs has been suggested as a means of rapidly achieving xenotransplantation (异种移植), the use of animal organs to replace organs in human patients. Organs transplanted between species are in danger of being destroyed within minutes by the acute immune response of the body receiving the transplant; however, strategies are being developed to modify pigs genetically so that rejection by the immune system may be effectively prevented.

31.According to the passage people object to the use of cloning to produce copies of humans mainly because _________.

A.its technique is not good enough

B.it is immoral and leads to wrong expectations

C.it may lead to parents' unnatural behavior. to the copy of them

D.it may lead to many people' s unemployment

32.Which of the following words can be used to replace the word "well" in Para. 1, Line 6？

A.easily

B.as one would wish

C.quite possibly

D.skillfully

33.In breeding copies of selected livestock, scientists should take into consideration of all the following aspects EXCEPT_________.

A.the balance between extreme selection of livestock and continuation of genetic variability

B.ill-treatment of the copied animals

C.preservation of frozen cells

D.intense opposition to animal cloning

34.What do you think would be described in the next paragraph of the passage？ _________.

A.The strategies to modify pigs genetically.

B.People's response to the proposals above.

C.The immune system.

D.Another potential medical application of cloning.

35.What is the author's attitude towards the technique of cloning？ _________.

A.In favor of cloning both animals and humans.

B.In favor of cloning animals but not humans.

C.In favor of cloning humans but not animals.

D.In favor of neither cloning animals nor humans.