Directions: Answer questions 71-80 by referring to the following games.
Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once.
A = Hallucinogens B = Cocaine C = Alcohol Which drug...
may slow down body function？ 71.______
can lead to the drivers' distorted perception of reality？ 72.______
may influence the drivers' vision negatively？ 73.______
is psychologically addictive to those chronic uses？ 74.______
can cause the impairment of driving？ 75.______
can cause difficulty focusing？ 76.______
can make drivers dissociate from the environment？ 77.______
can make drivers easily irritated？ 78.______
can affect how drivers think, feel and act？ 79.______
may stimulate drivers to flee in their cars？ 80.______
A
The term "hallucinogen" describes any drug that radically changes a person' s mental state by distorting the perception of reality to the point where, at high doses, hallucinations occur. Normal sensitivity is usually restored after abstaining for several consecutive days. Chronic users may also become psychologically dependent on hallucinogens. Psychological dependence exists when a drug is so central to a person's thoughts, emotions, and activities that the need to continue its use mats to a craving or compulsion.
According to the National Survey on Drug Abuse, four million Americans used hallucinogens in 1982. Presumably most of them drive. Paul Fishbein of Phoenix House in New York City, one of the nation' s largest residential drug-treatment facilities, describes the driver-impairing impact of phencyclidine(PCP or " angel dust"), a depressant with hallucinogenic effects; "After the first few hits(drags)of a PCP-laced joint, " he explains, "you have to look at the floor to see where your feet are. A few more hits and you dissociate from the environment. When a person drives under the influence of PCP, LSD or other hallucinogens, he may stop in the middle of a freeway to look at his map. Everything else going on him is not part of his experience—so why should he care about other cars？"
B
The changes in a person' s perception, mood, and thinking during cocaine intoxication are particularly retevant to driving skills.
The most dramatic effects of cocaine with respect to driving are on vision. Cocaine may cause a higher sensitivity to light, halos around objects, and difficulty focusing. Users have also reported blurred vision, glare problems, and hallucinations, particularly "snow lights"—weak flashes or movements of light in the peripheral field of vision, which tend to make drivers swerve toward or away from the lights. Some users have also reported auditory hallucinations(e. g. ring bells)and old factory hallucinations(e. g. smell of smoke or gasoline).
Many users say that cocaine actually improves their driving ability, which is not surprising because the drug induces euphoria and feelings of increased mental and physical abilities. Such self-reports must be accepted with caution , however, since these effects of cocaine are short-lived and are often followed by fatigue and lassitude.
Cocaine can also heighten irritability, excitability, and startle response. Users have reported that sudden sounds, such as horns or sirens, have caused them severe anxiety coupled with rapid steering or braking reactions, e-ven when the source of the sound was not in the immediate vicinity of their vehicles. Suspiciousness, distrust, and paranoia—other reactions to cocaine—have prompted users to flee in their cars or drive evasively.
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