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It is suggested in the third paragraph that ______.
A．the Dani's thought was strongly restricted by their language
B．the Dani could recognize more than they could name
C．it is doubtful language influences what people think about
D．there is considerable proof indicating language's decisive role
The performances in relation to Whorf's claim of the Dani and the Piraha are______.
A．complementary
B．identical
C．similar
D．opposite
Dr. Gordon focused his attention on the Piraha's counting ability because ______.
A．numbers were a better test of Whorf's belief
B．colors could be found and seen anywhere
C．the Dani could recognize more than two colors
D．the Piraha had a better grasp of numbers
Fairy Tales for All the World
This year, the world is marking the 200th anniversary of Danish author Hans Christian Andersen with a wide range of events.
Andersen's tales have attracted millions of readers for more than a century. They continue to be among the best-known works of world literature. "The Ugly Duckling (小鸭)" and "The Little Mermaid (美人鱼)" are among the most famous.
He was born on April 2, 1805, in the slums of Odense, Denmark. His father was a shoemaker and his mother worked as a washer-woman. Andersen received very little education, but his fascination with fairy tales inspired him to; compose his own stories and arrange puppet (木偶) shows.
His father died when he was 11. He was forced to go to work, first as an apprentice to a weaver and tailor and then in a tobacco factory. At the age of 14, he moved to Copenhagen to try a career as a singer, dancer and actor. He sang in a boy's choir (合唱团) , but he made very little money. He also tried the ballet, but his awkwardness made this impossible.
Finally, when he was 17, Jonas Collin, a director of the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen discovered Andersen. After hearing Andersen read a play, Collin realized that he had talent. And he got money from the king for Andersen's education.
In 1828, Andersen passed the entrance examinations to the university in Copenhagen. His writings were firs': published in 1829. In 1833, he received grant money for travel, which he used to visit Germany, France, Switzerland, and Italy. These journeys were recorded in his travelogues (旅行见闻). In 1835, Andersen published "Fairy Tales for Children," which contained four short stories. He eventually wrote around 168 fairy tales. They achieved success in his life-time and were widely published and translated.
Unhappiness also found its way into many of his tales which were not meant merely for children but for adults as well. He used very simple language and style. to disguise the moral teachings of his tales.
Andersen also wrote novels, plays and poems. He died at his home in Rolighed on August 4, 1875.
Andersen died on April 4, 1875.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
This question was posed by Benjamin Lee Whorl in the 1930s. Whorl studied Hopi, an Amerindian language very different from the Eurasian languages that had hitherto been the subject of academic linguistics. His work led him to suggest that language not only influences thought but, more strongly, that it determines thought.
While there is no dispute that language influences what people think about, evidence suggesting it determines thought is inconclusive. For example, in 1972, Eleanor Rosch and Karl Heider investigated the colour-naming abilities of the Dani people of Indonesia. The Dani have words for only two colours: black and white. But Dr. Rosch and Dr. Heider found that, even so, Dani could distinguish and comprehend other colours. That does not support the deterministic version of the Whorf hypothesis.
While recognising that there are such things as colours for which you have no name is certainly a cognitive leap, it may not be a good test of Whorf's ideas. Colours, after all, are out there everywhere. Numbers, by contrast, are abstract, so may be a better test. Dr. Gordon therefore spent a month with the Piraha and elicited the help of seven of them to see how far their grasp of numbers extended.
The tests began simply, with a row of, say, seven evenly spaced batteries. Gradually, they got more complicated. The more complicated tests included tasks such as matching numbers of unevenly spaced objects, replicating the number of objects from memory, and copying a number of straight lines from a drawing.
In the tests that involved matching the number and layout of objects they could see, participants were pretty good when faced with two or three items, but found it harder to cope as the number of items rose. Things were worse when the participants had to remember the number of objects in a layout and replicate it "blind", rather than matching a layout they could see. In this case the success rate dropped to zero when the number of items became, in terms of their language, "many".
And line drawing produced the worst results of all—though that could have had as much to do with the fact that drawing is not part of Piraha culture as it did with the difficulties of numerical abstraction. Indeed, Dr. Gordon described the task of reproducing straight lines as being accomplished only with "heavy sighs and groans".
Which of the following is Not true according to the first two paragraphs？
A．Gordon's purpose in his study of the Piraha was to solve a language problem.
B．The Piraha would use the word "many" to describe the number "twenty".
C．Linguists had studied other languages before they switched to Hopi.
D．Whorl claimed that language did more than influence people's thought.
A.JJ↑、QJ↑、DJ↑
B.JJ↓、QJ↑、DJ↓
C.JJ↓、QJ↑、DJ↑
D.JJ↑、QJ↓、DJ↑
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