政府购买（government purchases)

解释政府购买和转移支付之间的差别。每种情况举出两个例子。

Explain the difference between government purchases and transfer payments. Give two examples of each.

在凯恩斯交叉图中，假设消费函数如下：

C=200+0.75(Y-T)

计划投资是100；政府购买和税收都是100。

a．画出作为收入的函数的计划支出。

b．均衡的收入水平是多少？

c．如果政府购买增加到125，新的均衡收入是多少？

d．为了达到1600美元的收入。需要的政府购买水平是多少？

In the Keynesian cross, assume that the consumption function is given by

C=200+0.75(Y-T)

Planned investment is 100; government purchases and taxes are both 100.

a．Graph planned expenditure as a function of income.

b．What is the equilibrium level of income？

c．If government purchases increase to 125, what is the new equilibrium income？

d．What level of government purchases is needed to achieve an income of 1,600？

根据IS-LM模型，在下列情况下。利率、收入、消费和投资会发生什么变动？

1．中央银行增加货币供给。

2．政府增加税收。

3．政府等量地增加政府购买和税收。

According to the IS-LM model, what happens to the interest rate, income, consumption, and investment under the following circumstances？

1．The central bank increases the money supply.

2．The government increases taxes.

3．The government increases government purchases and taxes by equal amounts.

决于这是国内战争还是世界大战？

What will happen to the trade balance and the real exchange rate of a small open economy when government purchases inerease, such as during a war？ Does your answer depend on whether this is a local war or a world war？

居民购买进口产品增加，但他们的总消费保持不变； c．私人投资者购买国内产品增加，但他们的总进口保持不变； d．政府提高税收。 Describe what happens to absorption and aggregate demand under the following circumstances： a．Foreigners buy more domestic goods． b．Domestic residents buy more imported goods，but their total consumption is unchanged． C．Private investors buy more domestic goods and leave their total imports unchanged． d．The government raises taxes．

用IS-LM图描述下列变动对国民收入、利率、物价水平、消费、投资以及实际货币余额的短期与长期影响。

a．货币供给增加。

b．政府购买增加。

c．税收增加。

Use the IS-LM diagram to describe the short-run and long-run effects of the following changes on national income, the interest rate, the price level, consumption, investment, and real money balances.

a．An increase in the money supply.

b．An increase in government purchases.

c．An increase in taxes.

把下列交易归入四个支出部分之一：消费、投资、政府购买以及净出口。

a．波音公司向空军出售一架飞机。

b．波音公司向美国航空公司出售一架飞机。

c．波音公司向法国航空公司出售一架飞机。

d．波音公司向阿米拉·埃尔哈特(1898-1937，美国最早的飞行员——译者注)出售了一架飞机。

e．波音公司制造了一架下一年出售的飞机。

Place each of the following transactions in one of the four components of expenditure: consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports.

a．Boeing sells an airplane to the Air Force.

b．Boeing sells an airplane to American Airlines.

c．Boeing sells an airplane to Air France.

d．Boeing sells an airplane to Amelia Earhart.

e．Boeing builds an airplane to be sold next year.

Which of the following was seen as a disadvantage of the postage stamp？

A．It had to be purchased by the sender in advance.

B．It increased the cost of mail delivery.

C．It was difficult to affix to letters.

D．It was easy to counterfeit.