Chinese classical gardens are a perfect integration of nature and work by man.

Accompanying a plan of Sunnyside (unprinted here), a former residence of Washington Irving in New York, is the following text.We have left out its title, which indicates clearly its purpose, in the hope that the reader will reconstruct it after reading the text.

Sunnyside is one of the few surviving and best-documented examples of American romanticism in architecture and landscape design.Andrew Jackson Downing featured Sunnyside in his Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening (1841) as an example of the "progressive improvement in Rural Architecture..." which, he explained, strives to be in "perfect keeping" with "surrounding nature" by its "varied" and "picturesque" outline.'Architectural beauty," he taught, "must be considered conjointly with the beauty of the landscape,"

Walking the 24-acre grounds is a pleasure in every season.Swans glide on the pond Irving called "the little Mediterranean", and a stone flume delights the ear with the sound of rushing water.A path leads up a small rise and from there down into "the glen," and up to the house.Behind the house, another path winds along the Hudson for views of the river at its widest point, the Tappan Zee.

The modest stone cottage which was later to become Sunnyside was originally a tenant farmer's house built in the late-seventeenth century on the Philipsburg Manor.During the eighteenth century, the cottage was owned by a branch of the Van Tassel family, the name Irving later immortalized in "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow".

Irving purchased the cottage in 1835 and directed the remodeling, adding Dutch-stepped gables, ancient weathervanes, and developing Gothic and Romanesque architectural features for other parts of the house.He was so pleased with his home that in 1836 he wrote to his brother, Peter: "I am living most cozily and delightfully in this dear, bright little home, which I have fitted up to my own humor.Everything goes on cheerily in my little household and I would not exchange the cottage for any chateau in Christendom."

Today's visitor to Sunnyside sees Irving's home much as it appeared during the final years of his life.The author's booklined study contains his writing desk—a gift from his publisher, G.P.Putnam and many personal possessions.The dining room, in which Irving and his dinner guests often gathered to enjoy the beautiful sunsets over the Hudson River, adjoins the parlor.Here Irving played his flute, while his nieces, Sarah and Catherine, accompanied him on the rosewood piano.The piano and other original furnishings still grace the room.The small picture gallery off the parlor contains some original illustrations for Irving's work.The kitchen was quite advanced for its day, having a hot water boiler and running water fed from the pond through a gravity-blow system.The iron cookstove was also a "modern convenience," replacing the open hearth in the 1850's.

The second floor of the house contains several bedrooms, each of which has its own personal character.The guest bedroom is furnished with a French-style. bed and painted cottage pieces.The ingenious arches in this and other rooms were designed by Irving.His bedroom, where he died in 1859, contains the author's tester Sheraton bed, along with his walking stick and a number of his garments and personal effects.The small, bright room between the bedrooms might have been used by Irving's nephew and biographer, Pierre Munro Irving, who cared for his uncle during the last months of his life.The room was used originally to store books and papers.The bedroom used by Irving's nieces contains an Irving-family field bed with hand-made bobbin lace hangings, a chest of drawers, sewing stands, and an ornamental stove.The guest room contains a cast iron bed probably made in one of the foundries along the Hudson.

Write True (T) or False (F)for the following questions.

1.Sunnyside is the former residence of Washington Irving in Washington D.C.()

2.Sunny side is a typical representative of Romanticism of American city architecture.()

3.According to Andrew Jackson Downing , architectural beauty must be in harmony with the beauty of the surrounding landscape.()

4.During the 18th century ,the cottage was owned by Van Tassel who was mentioned by Irving in his book “the Legend of the Hollow” .()

5.Irving didn’t make any change to the cottage after he purchased it.()

6.Today’s Sunnyside has changed a lot compared with its appearance in Irving’s time.()

7.Sunnyside was built near the Hudson River.()

8.The study , the dining room , the parlor and the kitchen are all on the first floor of Irving’s house.()

9.All the bedrooms on the second floor are almost furnished in the same style.()

10.Washington Irving was cared for by his daughter during the last period of his life.()

Counterfeit

Making and selling fake copies of well-known products has been a nice little earner for crafty craftsmen over thousands of years : In Roman Gaul, unscrupulous potters would put the seals of better-known competitors on their urns so they would sell better. Until the 1980s, counterfeiting was a relatively small-scale business restricted mainly to copying luxury fashion items, such as watches and leather goods, in limited quantities. But in the 1990s it was transformed into a much bigger, broader industry, with large-scale production and distribution of false versions of such everyday items as biscuits and shampoo. Modem technology is making it ever easier to create near-perfect copies of branded goods for a fraction of the retail price of the real thing.

By its nature, the extent of counterfeiting is hard to measure precisely, but a study by the International Chamber of Commerce reckonedthat it grew from perhaps 3 % of world trade in 1990 to 5 % in 1995.John Pepper, hairman of Proter & Gamble, a consumer-goods multinational, says it may now be 7% -9%, or over $ 450 billion a year.

In some developing countries, the authorities have had, at best, an ambivalent attitude towards the booming manufacture of fake goods in their midst. After all, it creates jobs for local people and, at first sight,appears only to hurt foreign firms. Thus the richer countries whose firms are the main victims have had to use a mixture of persuasion and threats to get poorer nations to crack down on the pirates. The Uruguay round of world trade talks, which ended in 1994, resulted in agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of intellectual Property Rights (Trips ) , which obliges all mender countries of the World Trade Organization to impose penalties for counterfeiting and other breaches of intellectual property rights; to enforce their piracy laws adequately; and to heap firms inhibit trade in faked versions of their products.

Besides offering poorer countries trade privileges in return for a clampdown on counterfeiting, rich countries have tried convincing them that if they try harder to enforce intellectual property rights, they will win more foreign investment. But, realizing that persuasion is having little effect, they are also resorting to threats:On January 15th, America issued a warning to the Philippines, the world&39;s leading piracy centers, that they may have their trade privileges taken away unless they crack down harder on the counterfeiting gangs.

The first paragraph is written to tell us that__________. 查看材料

A.the history of counterfeiting is more than thousands of years

B.counterfeiting is an effective way to make more money

C.modem technology is responsible for the booming manufacture of fake goods

D.counterfeiting has become more and more rampant

A、There is only so much fortune a man really needs and the rest is just for showing off.

B、Money is the way to success.

C、Money is important than happiness.

D、Money shows a person’s status.