In his research, Professor Danes found the ______ of human beings to fight after they’ve been defeated.
A.resiliency
B.flexibility
C.kindness
D.capability
A.resiliency
B.flexibility
C.kindness
D.capability
听力原文:M: What do you think of Prof, Zhang's class?
W: Well, his lectures are interesting enough, but I think he could have chosen better questions for the tests.
Q: What doesn't the woman like about Prof. Zhang's class?
(14)
A.She thinks his lectures are boring.
B.She thinks his tests are too long.
C.She doesn't like his choice of test questions.
D.She doesn't think he prepares his lectures well enough.
The Englishman's home has become his workshop NOT because ______.
A.the cost of hiring professionals is high
B.the Englishman is enthusiastic for working with his hands
C.there are advertisements in "do-it-yourself" magazines
D.the Englishman feels that he must do some household jobs
Why does the student mention the nursery business where his uncle works?
A.To tell the professor where he would like to work
B.To give an example that he might discuss in his paper
C.To suggest a good place to shop for flowering shrubs
D.To impress the professor with his family's success
We can guess Goodyear ______.
A.was very rich during his life time
B.had started a very profitable company
C.was the discoverer of natural rubber
D.had an important place in rubber industry
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文:Susan: Hi, Susan. Where were you at lunchtime? I was saving a seat for you in the cafeteria.
Prof: Hall: Oh, sorry to miss you. But my thirst for knowledge was greater than my pangs of hunger.
Susan: I never had that problem. So where were you?
Prof: Hall: My political science class ran overtime.
Susan: That's been happening quite a bit lately, hasn't it?
Prof: Hall: I guess so. Actually, what happens is that a bunch of us hang around for a while after class to talk with our professor and ask him questions.
Susan: Who is this twentieth century Socrates?
Prof: Hall: Professor Hall. Have you heard of him?
Susan: Yes. He does have a good reputation in the political science department.
Prof: Hall: And a well deserved one. The same students who fall asleep in discussion groups and seminars fight for front row seats in his lectures.
Susan: Oh no! I hope this isn't catching.
Prof: Hall: You can joke, but it's great to have a professor who's not only interesting but prepared to give up time for students.
Susan: I know. They're of a rare breed. Maybe I should sit in on his class sometime. Do you think he'd care?
Prof: Hall: Not at all. Lots of students bring their friends and he says he feels flattered.
Susan: Well, just to be safe, I think I'll bring my lunch along as well.
Prof: Hall: I'll make a good student of you yet.
What habit has the woman recently gotten into?
A.Telling jokes.
B.Falling asleep during meals.
C.Staying late after class.
D.Eating in the cafeteria.
听力原文:M: Can I make an appointment to have a talk with Professor Clinton?
W: Sorry, Professor Clinton went to attend a meeting in the USA, and on his way back he'll be staying in Beijing for a week. Well, he's likely to be back three days later, that is, next Monday.
Q: Where is Professor Clinton?
(15)
A.In the USA.
B.In Beijing.
C.In Shanghai.
D.On the plane.
A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to look at either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly painting, or a blank panel while the team zapped a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been stuck by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when looking at the ugly paintings or the blank panel. Electrodes measuring the brain's electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings.
While distractions, such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital patients, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part.
The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process.
"Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their artistic aspects should be taken into account too," said the neurologist. "Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse." "I think these results show that more research is needed into the field how a beautiful environment can alleviate suffering."
Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonio Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. "These people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world," said Prof de Tommaso.
The underlined word "alleviate" in the fifth paragraph probably means"______".
A.cure
B.ease
C.improve
D.kill
Today's youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young, says Professor Andrew Prentice, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
At the same time, the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain, latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38 in and may be 42-44 in by 2032. This compares with only 32.6 in in 1972. Women's waists have grown from an average of 22 in in 1920 to 24 in in the Fifties and 30 in now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone, more than one million under-16s are classed as overweight or obese—double the number in the mid-Eighties. One in ten four-year-olds are also medically classified as obese. The obesity pandemic—an extensive epidemic—which started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australia, Central America and the Middle East.
Many nations now record more than 20 percent of their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments.
He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese person's lifespan is shortened by around nine years, while a severely obese person by many more.
Prof Prentice said: "So will parents outlive their children, as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist?" The answer is yes—and no. Yes, when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming an alarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents have a greatly reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut and burger.
What does the word "sedentary (Para. 2)" mean?
A.Sit still.
B.Eat too much.
C.Study very hard.
D.Passive thinking.
Thursday January 11, 2007
The Guardian1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.
If successful, virus therapy could eventually form. a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour"s pioneering techniques.
One of the country"s leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you"ve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.
Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body"s local immune system. "If a cancer doesn"t do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there"s no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer"s Achilles" heel."
Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour.
Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It"s an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we"ve had before."
Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
Prof Seymour"s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body"s immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body"s immune system destroying them on the way.
"What we"ve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it"s a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.
After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body"s immune system.
The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There"s an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof Seymour.
Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
(665 words)
Questions 29-34
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 29-34 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.
Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.
Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.
To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.
Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.
Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.
To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try toA.change the body’ immune system
B.inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.
C.increase the amount of injection
D.disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.
When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copiesA.will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.
B.will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.
C.will be immediately recognized by the researchers.
D.will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.
Question 36-37 Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer. Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found
A.on TV
B.in magazines
C.on internet
D.in newspapers
Questions 38-41 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once. NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all. In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to 38___________ adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the 39___________ These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right 40___________ needed. The experiments will firstly be 41___________ to the treatment of certain cancers List of Words dosage responding smallpox virus disable natural ones inject directed treatment cold-like illness kill patients examined
38.___________
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