题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A、Deamination of amino acids
B、deamination of amine
C、putrefaction of dietary protein
D、Kidney reabsorption
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更多“The sources of blood ammonia i…”相关的问题
A、viruses
B、bacteria
C、fungi
D、parasitic microorganisms
A、supply directly by breakdown of muscle glycogen
B、supply directly by breakdown of liver glycogen
C、produced by gluconeogenic pathway
D、digestion and absorption of food
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ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants
Children have an increased risk of attention problems, seen as early as grade school, if their morns inhaled (吸入) a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That&39;s the finding of a new study. Released when things aren&39;t burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels,wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia University&39;s Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children&39;s health. In a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew (排放) PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera&39;s team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe (探查) other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual to avoid.＜br＞
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a woman&39;s blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in these children, now age 9. They asked each child&39;s mother a series of questions. These included whether her child had problems doing things that needed sustained (长期的) mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children has ADHD. Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect.＜br＞
Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published on November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE
Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America. 查看材料
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
将英语短文译为中文
3 Self-Powered Nanotech (10分)
Nanosize machines need still tinier power plants
By Zhong Lin Wang
The watchmaker in the 1920s who devised the self-winding wristwatch was on to a great idea: mechanically harvesting energy from the wearer’s moving arm and putting it to work rewinding the watch spring.
Today we are beginning to create extremely small energy harvesters that can supply electrical power to the tiny world of nanoscale devices, where things are measured in billionths of a meter. We call these power plants nanogenerators. The ability to make power on a minuscule scale allows us to think of implantable biosensors that can continuously monitor a patient’s blood glucose level, or autonomous strain sensors for structures such as bridges, or environmental sensors for detecting toxins — all running without the need for replacement batteries. Energy sources are desperately needed for nanorobotics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), homeland security and even portable personal electronics. It is hard to imagine all the uses such infinitesimal generators may eventually find.
In Brief
★Nanotechnology has huge potential — but those minuscule devices will need a power source that is better than a battery.
★ Waste energy, in the form. of vibrations or even the human pulse, could provide sufficient power to run such tiny gadgets.
★ Arrays of piezoelectric nanowires could capture and transmit that waste energy to nanodevices.
★ Medical devices will likely be a major application. A pacemaker’s battery could be charged so it would not need replacing, or implanted wireless nanosensors could monitor blood glucose for diabetics.
【填空题】AV Clip 17: Fitness or FatnessAV 17.mp4 Watch the video clip three times and complete the following passage by filling in each blank with the word from the video clip. There is nothing that you can't eat but everything you eat has an effect on your blood sugar. Learning to eat regular meals, controlling the amount you eat and making healthy food choices can help you manage your diabetes better and prevent further (1) ___________________. Developing a sensible plan for eating is an important first step in diabetes control. With diabetes you really have to watch the portions and not only the portions but particularly the (2) ___________________________. Because carbohydrates, as you know, are the foods that affect your blood sugar. So watching those carbs is really important. A healthy meal will include complex carbohydrates, (3) __________________ and healthy fats. Complex carbohydrates include (4) __________________ bread. Lean meat such as chicken without the skin or fish are excellent sources of protein. Lots of nuts and healthy oils like olive, peanut or canola are rich in healthy fats. Portion control can help you control your blood sugar. A good first step is to follow a type of meal planning known as the plate method. This method includes a healthy balance of foods and controlled portions. In this method, half of your plate is filled with (5) ________________________ vegetables such as greens: green beans, broccoli or cabbage; 25% should contain meat or another protein like eggs, low-fat cheese or beets; and the other 25% should contain starches such as potato or whole-grain bread. On the side include an 8 ounce glass of (6) _______________ milk or a small piece of fruit .Other things you can do include counting carbohydrates. Counting carbs is one way to control blood sugar by limiting the amount of carbohydrates in your diet to about 45 to 60 grams a meal. You can prevent your blood sugars from going too high after that meal. Reading food labels. Learning to read food labels is an important step in planning healthy meals and limiting the amount of unhealthy fats and (7) ________________ in your diet. For example, by knowing the difference between serving size and total servings you can count the number of total carbohydrates in your meal. Developing a practical meal plan. Your (8) ______________ can help you work on a meal plan that fits you and your lifestyle.
It is stated in Paragraph 1 that our sodium intake______.
A．is within the healthy range
B．is a bit over the upper limit
C．is far beyond what is necessary
D．is well below the lower limit
Early devices were of the mechanical variety, in which devices like ball-in-a-cage or tilting disc would be used to allow blood to flow under near-normal conditions. Although a few mechanical problems were encountered in the early days, the major difficulty lay with the tendency for any foreign material to initiate a blood clot. So, all valve recipients have to be given anticoagulant therapy. This is not particularly desirable for the patients, who may develop bleeding problems, and in any case is not always successful.
Although good results are achieved with these valves, it was considered necessary to develop alternatives and the direction was that of natural tissues. It's not possible to transplant heart valves untreated because of rejection phenomena, but it became apparent that collagenous tissue could be cross-linked by glutaraldehyde and prepared in the form. of a heart valve. Two sources of tissue were considered for this purpose, bovine pericardium (collagenous tissue derived from the wall of a cow's heart) and porcine valves (heart valves taken from pigs) and the resulting "bioprosthetic valve" appeared to be very promising. It was particularly important that these patients didn't need anticoagulation. Unfortunately, these valves have not proved very durable, the cross-linked collagen suffering from slow calcification and deterioration so most of the replacement valves themselves need to be replaced within a decade.
This would tend to suggest that the mechanical valves give superior performance, notwithstanding the anticoagulation problem, and a move back towards their use might have been expected. However, most of the valves in current use incorporate an alloy'(usually Stellite) for
the housing, and a carbon coated occuluder. The complex shapes of some of the housing have required combinations of casting and welding technologies to be used in their construction and serious problems have arisen with a valve design from one manufacturer, where a small number of catastrophic fractures have occurred within the housing. In patients where this valve has been used to treat aortic valve disease, this fracture is usually fatal and although the risks are small, the problem is important to the industry.
Also, at a time when this dichotomy is exercising the minds of surgeons, scientists and regulatory bodies alike, the emergence of the disease BSE in cattle has placed even further restrictions on the use of animal tissue for this type of application and the whole question of prosthetic heart valves has been turned from a reasonable successful example of reconstructive implant surgery to a very confused area. This serves to highlight some of the very varied problems of facing the use of biomaterials.
This passage is extracted from an article written by an expert on ______.
A．surgical equipment
B．heart diseases
C．materials for surgical implants
D．mechanical valve manufacturing
Carbohydrates are found in foods such as bread, potatoes and sugar. They are excel- lent energy producers, but if eaten too excess may be largely converted to fat and a reduction in the amount of carbohydrates or "starchy' foods is one of the obvious ways to reduce weight, since most of us eat too much of them anyway. Protein, found in meat and cheese, is used for tissue building and in the developed countries most people eat about ll0g daily, which is a good deal more than the recommended minimum of 70g a day. In underdeveloped countries where food is scarce and periodical famine may occur, children in particular suffer from protein deficiency, since this is the material most need- ed for growth. Animal fats, e. g. butter, are also good sources of energy, but are some- times held to cause increased cholesterol levels in the blood (which may lead to fatty de- posits in the arteries) and are therefore best avoided by people suffering from certain forms of heart disease, vegetable fats being recommended as a substitute.
Vitamins are another essential requirement for health. There are about forty known vitamins, but the most generally referred to are A, B, C, D and E. Deficiency of Vita- min A, found in carrots, liver, etc., is alleged to affect the vision and the skin and re- duce resistance to infection. Vitamin C, present in nearly all fruit, particularly oranges and other citrus fruit, has come to be regarded as particularly effective in the prevention of colds and low energy states and claims have recently been put forward regarding the efficacy of large doses of Vitamin C in the treatment of certain mental illnesses.
Among the minerals we need, the most important are calcium, iron and iodine. Milk is one of the richest sources of calcium, which helps to build our bones and our teeth. Lack of iron in the blood produces anaemia and children and others suffering from anaemic conditions are generally advised to increase their intake of iron, which may be found in liver, molasses and dates among other foods.
In any diet, natural foods are best. In the Western world, at least, we have become increasingly dependent on "convenience foods": frozen peas, tinned meat and fish, ready-to-eat meals from the supermarket, anything which is quick to prepare, looks more or less appetising and satisfies our immediate hunger. We have ceased to care that most of what we eat has had the goodness processed out of it. We rely on pills to supply what our food lacks. We ignore the preservatives, artificial coloring and additives in the packaged foods we buy. In the kind of world we live in, however, there is, of course, no quick, easy answer.
Climate and work play an important part in diet. People in hot climates require fewer carbohydrates than those in colder regions, and those engaged in heavy manual labor or physical exertion, such as dockers or athletes, require more protein to keep them fit for their work. We are all individuals and a balanced diet must take into account genetics, environment, employment and, last but not least, emotional stress. Te
A．a generator
B．regular replacement of its mechanisms
C．a balanced diet and excessive exercise
D．a balanced diet and regular exercise
fessionals reveal their favorite methods.
Comfort with food. When diet expert Judith Wurtman is stressed out, she does what a lot of people do this time of year: she reaches for food .But in her case, it’s a healthy rice cake or two. “My research suggests that carbohydrates (碳水化合物) raise levels of a brain chemical, which has a calming effect on the entire body,” says the MIT research scientist. “So signs of stress — such as anger, tension, and inability to focus — are eased.”
Run from your problems. Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper, who popularized aerobics (有氧运动) through his1968 book by that name, handles his own stress with a daily after-work run. He knows that physical activity reduces anxiety and depression. “Aerobic exercise is the best way to dissipate stress,”says Cooper.
Look to the light side. On his way to the hospital where his father was to have surgery Joel Goodman shared a hotel bus with anxious relatives of several patients. The driver began telling his stressed-out passengers a few jokes. “Then he did some magic tricks that had my mother and me laughing.” Goodman says. “In that five-minute ride he taught us that humor can lessen our stress.”
The surgery was successful, and Goodman was so moved by his experience that he researched laughter’s power. “A good laugh relaxes muscles, reduces blood pressure, restrains stress-related hormones and enhances the immune system (免疫系统),” he says.
Go green. Coffee, loaded with hidden sources of caffeine, stimulates (刺激) the nervous system and can make you feel stressed more easily. That’s why Arizona Doctor Andrew Weil, author of best seller Spontaneous Healing, does not take caffeine. “When I want gentle energy, I drink green tea. It contains a caffeine-like element”, Weil says. It also contains compounds that, some studies suggest, have anti-cancer effects.
16. The following are ways to free you from stress EXCEPT__________.
A. looking at things in a more relaxed way
B. getting a lot of sleep during the day
C. eating some food with carbohydrates
D. doing some aerobic exercise
17. Eating or drinking the following can be helpful in freeing you from stress EXCEPT________.
A. drink green tea B. eat some bread
C. eat some rice cake D. drink a lot of coffee
18. A good laugh is very helpful EXCEPT to__________.
A. reduce blood pressure B. restrain stress-related hormones
C. enhance the immune system D. take a holiday
19. What is the meaning of the word “dissipate” in the part “Rum from your problems”？
A. lessen. B. Depress. C. Disturb. D. Level.
20. Which of the following group of people can have a happier life, according to passage？
A. Those who are continuously eating something.
B. Those who are always engaged in working.
C. Those who use right methods to reduce tension.
D. Those who study medicine or psychology.
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