diagnostic test

A．finding out what students know and don’t know

B．measuring students’ general language proficiency

C．knowing whether students have the right language aptitude

D．checking whether students have achieved the teaching objectives

The last paragraph implies that diagnostic test ______.

A．will not be as promising as others

B．is a very important development

C．may not be proven valid smoothly

D．will surely be disappointing in the end

A、Sensitivity, specificity and positive likelihood ratio

B、Correlation coefficient, correct index and likelihood ratio

C、Correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation and Kappa value

D、Predicted value, Youden index and coincidence rate

A、Western medicine is based on the physiology and microbiology.

B、Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Captive Test are two common diagnostic methods of western medicine.

C、Chemotherapy is one kind of treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.

D、Microbiology is the study of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye.

ology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior. but one of imposing constraints-ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. Our "frailties" --emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love--may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, "in the grip" of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.

Unhappily, some of those frailties--our need for ever-increasing security among them--are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are out appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.

The primary purpose of the passage is to present ______.

A．a position on the foundations of human behavior. and on what those foundations imply

B．a theory outlining the parallel development of human morphology and of human behavior

C．a diagnostic test for separating biologically determined behavior. patterns from culture- specific detail

D．a practical method for resisting the pressures of biologically determined drives

A 21-year-old female presents to the physician’s office with complaints of very painful vulvar ulcers. The patient states she has had the symptoms for approximately 3 days, and they are worsening. She says that prior to the ulcerations, there was a burning and tingling sensation of the skin in the same area. She has noted similar symptoms like this before and has been told it is sexually transmitted. On examination you see multiple extremely tender, vesicular (blister-like) lesions on an erythematous (red) base on both labia major of the vulva. She has a moderate amount of tender inguinal lymph nodes bilaterally. The physician uses a swab to sample the ulcer and send it off for diagnostic analysis. 1.What is the most likely diagnosis？ 2.If the test is for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), what method would be used to amplify the fragments of DNA sampled？

A.chmod +x test

B.chmod -x test

C.chmod 400 test

D.chmod 600 test

根据材料请回答 23～30

Screen Test Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast canc-er.If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes.Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the USA and Spain, screen women under 50. But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the tradition brings a small risk of inducing cancer.Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. Researchers at the Polytechnic University(理工大学)of Valencia analyzed the, effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cu-mulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. The mathematical model recommended by Britain' s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very signifi- cant" compared to the far greater number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study, they suggest, could help"optimize the technique" for breast cancer screening. "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks, "admits Michael Clark of the NRPB．But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That's why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme."

第 23 题 Paragraph 2________.