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[主观题]

Mind Aging is a new expression coming into the view of the modern people. It is said in a

study that 54 % middle-aged adults treat themselves as old people, they are depressed and frightened at the thought of getting old and they worry about their later life. Such mindset has exerted negative influence on their work and life. What are the hidden reasons for triggering mind aging among modern people？ Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: On Mind Aging

提问人：网友wu30wu0007 发布时间：2022-01-06

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更多“Mind Aging is a new expression…”相关的问题

第1题

For years we have believed we were either healthy or sick.【51】, during the mid-1990s, scie

ntists developed a new concept called "sub-health", a status【52】health and illness. The concept of sub-health has become【53】because it has helped to explain many health problems.【54】one study, only 5. 6% of people in the overall population are actually sick,【55】the sub-healthy group consists of about 60%, and the【56】population is considered healthy.【57】of one's sub-health will help one to be alert to the underlying disease and remain healthy. Sub-health is a state in which the body is【58】turning from health to illness or from illness to health. Our bodies are actively【59】the conditions of health, sub-health and disease. Factors【60】aging, internal or external toxicity (毒性), and body or mind exhaustion may cause sub-heath, but taking good care of the body can change a sub-healthy status to a healthy one.

(51)

A．Besides

B．However

C．Meantime

D．Therefore

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第2题

听力原文：Many of us believe that a person's mind becomes less active as he grows older.But

听力原文： Many of us believe that a person's mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Lissy F. Javik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Jarvik has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr. Jarvik's continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 8Os, their minds did not generally decline as was expected.

However, there was some decline in their psychomotor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they last very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr. Jarvik's studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only into the 30s and 40s but also into 60s and 70s as well.

As for learning new things, and ability to remember, studies by Dr. Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young. It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call "loss of memory" is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at a speed that was too fast.

In the cases where the older person's mind really seems to decay, it is not necessarily a sign of a decay due to old age or "senility". Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state. The depression usually can be counteracted by counseling, therapy with a psychologist, or medications which fight depression.

(30)

A．It remains as active as ever.

B．It tends to be less active.

C．It loses the ability to reason.

D．It functions well in learning new things.

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第3题

Mind Your Calories or Your Waistline？ Cutting back the calories may do more than whittle y

Mind Your Calories or Your Waistline？

Cutting back the calories may do more than whittle your waistline; it could protect your brain from the effects of aging. A new study suggests that calorie restriction can help slow the normal process of cell death that happens with age.

Researchers say the body naturally goes through a process known as apoptosis, or cell death, to destroy old cells so new ones can be made, and many factors can alter this process. Age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, cause a higher-than-normal loss of cells in the brain, which can lead to loss of function.

Previous studies have suggested that calorie restriction can boost life span and mental capacity. That prompted researchers to look at whether cutting calories might also play a role in protecting aging brain cells. They compared levels of proteins indicating brain cell death in two groups of rats. One group was given unrestricted access to food and water throughout their lives. The other was given 40% fewer calories (but still adequate nourishment) than the unrestricted group.

They found that the levels of these proteins increased with normal aging in the rats fed unrestricted diets. The rats given a restricted diet did not have an increase in the levels of these proteins.

Another protein thought to protect from cell death dropped by 60% in the well-fed rats, but it actually increased over time in the calorie-restricted rats.

Finally, DNA fragmentation, a third indicator of cell death, more than doubled in the unrestricted rats with age, but this increase was 36% less in the calorie-restricted rats.

Although the results are promising, researchers say more study is needed to completely understand the processes that lead to cell death and the role nutrition plays in that process.

Meanwhile, they say, their study provides yet another reason to watch what you eat. "We're not going to do it right away to improve our memories; we're going to do it probably in general for the first reasons, which would be to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer," says Christian Leeuwenburgh at the University of Florida.

The main purpose of these researchers is ______

A．to help to destroy old cells and boost new ones

B．to alter the natural process known as apoptosis

C．to find out ways to protect aging brain cells

D．to compare different levels of proteins

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第4题

You hear the same complaint all the time as people get older: 'My memory is terrible.' Is

it all in the mind, or do real changes take place in the brain with age to justify such grumbling(抱怨)？ The depressing answer is that the brain's cells, the neurons, die and decline in efficiency with age.

Professor Arthur Shimamura, of the University of California at Berkeley, says there are three main ways in which mental function changes. The first is mental speed, for example how quickly you can react to fast-moving incidents on the road. Drivers in their late teens react quickly but tend to drive too fast, while the over sixties are more cautious but react more slowly. The near-inevitable slowing with age also partly explains why soccer players are seen as old in their thirties, while golf professionals are still in their prime at that age. This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brain's neurons work.

The fact that adults find it harder to learn musical instruments than children points to a second type of mental loss with age—a reduction in learning capacity. The parts of the brain known as the temporal lobes control new learning, and are particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging. This means that, as we get older, we take longer to learn a new language, are slower to master new routines and technologies at work, and we have to rely more on diaries and other mental aids.

'Working memory' is the third brain system which is vulnerable to the effects of aging. Working memory is the brain's 'blackboard', where we juggle from moment to moment the things we have to keep in mind when solving problems, planning tasks and generally organizing our day-to-day life. Absent-mindedness occurs at all ages because of imperfections in the working memory system—so, for instance, you may continually lose your glasses, or find yourself walking into a room of your house only to find that you cannot remember what you came for.

Such absent-mindedness tends to creep up on us as we age and occurs because our plans and intentions, which are chalked up on the mental blackboard, are easily wiped out by stray thoughts and other distractions. Stress and preoccupation can also cause such absent-mindedness, in addition to age-related changes in the brain. The frontal lobes of the brain—located behind the forehead and above the eyes are where the working memory system is located. Like the temporal lobes, which handle new learning, the frontal lobes are more vulnerable to the aging process than other parts of the brain.

The news, however, is not all bleak. Although neurons reduce in number with age, the remaining neurons send out new and longer connecting fibres(dendrites) to maintain connections and allow us to function reasonably well with only relatively small drops in ability.

This and other evidence suggests that the principle 'use it or lose it' might apply to the aging brain. Professor Shimamura studied a group of university professors who were still intellectually active, and compared their performance on neuropsychological tests with that of others of their age group, as well as with younger people. He found that on several tests of memory, the mentally active professors in their sixties and early Seventies were superior to their contemporaries, and as good as the younger people.

Research on animals provides even stronger evidence of the effects of stimulation on the brain structure. Professor Bryan Kolb, of the University of Lethbridge in Canada, has shown that animals kept in stimulating environments show sprouting(生长) and lengthening of the connecting nerve fibres in their brains, in comparison With animals kept in unstimulating environments.

The beneficial effects of continued mental activity are shown by the fact that older contestants in quiz shows are just as fast and accurate in resp

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第5题

There is no better medicine against aging than__________. A．focusing on the unple

There is no better medicine against aging than__________.

A．focusing on the unpleasant

B．dealing with life's problems

C．keeping the mind active

D．changing our association

E．living a long life

F．setting realistic goals

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第6题

In this passage, the author mainly tells us ______.A．everyone has bad memories sometimes n

In this passage, the author mainly tells us ______.

A．everyone has bad memories sometimes no matter how old he is

B．we can prevent our mind from aging with various methods

C．brain aging starts at the time when we are in the 20s and 30s

D．memory lost is not the sign that we are getting old

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第7题

In this passage, the author mainly tells us ______A．everyone has bad memories sometimes no

In this passage, the author mainly tells us ______

A．everyone has bad memories sometimes no matter how old he is

B．we can prevent our mind from aging with various methods

C．brain aging starts at the time when we are in the 20s and 30s

D．memory loss is not the sign that we are getting old

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第8题

As the temporal lobes of the brain are affected by aging, it becomes harder to pick up new

skills.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第9题

27 There is no better medicine against aging than .28 Isolation may keep a person from

27 There is no better medicine against aging than .

28 Isolation may keep a person from .

29 Relaxation is one of the techniques for better .

30 It is wise of us to avoid .

A dealing with life's problems

B keeping the mind active

C changing our association

D living a long Life

E setting realistic goals

F focusing on the unpleasant

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第10题

Can an inventive society get bolder as it grows older？ That question affects people of all

ages—especially those living in the United States, Europe, and Japan, which are expected to have fewer workers supporting more retirees. According to Science and Engineering Indicators (SEI):2OO2,issued by the National Science Board (NSB),America's science and engineering workforce will continue to grow in coming decades, but its average age is likely to rise.

Will scientific workers in their 50s and 60s continue to make valuable contributions？ The report avoided asking whether aging impairs creativity. If it does, then the growth of our productivity and improvement of our standard of living might be in trouble. There is already a shortage of young Americans in research; in 2003 the NSB expressed concern over the United States' dependence on foreign PhDs.

Scientists, often older ones, have for years questioned how long they can stay productive. G.H. Hardy set the tone in his 1940 classic, A Mathematician's Apology. "Like any other mathematician who has passed sixty," Hardy confessed, "I have no longer the freshness of mind, the energy, or the patience to carry on effectively with my proper job." He continued that "mathematics... is a young man's game."

The age lore of other sciences can be similarly misleading. The Nobel laureate physicist Paul Dirac has suggested, tongue in cheek, that a physicist over 30 was as good as dead, and the physicist-historian Abraham Pals wrote of Einstein after 1925 (when Einstein was 46)that, as far as his work went, he might as well have gone fishing. And yet the sociologist Harriet Zuckerman, in her landmark 1977 book, Scientific Elite ,observed that U.S. Nobelists received their prizes for work done when they were, on average, nearly 39. Sir Nevill Mott won a Nobel Prize in physics for his postretirement research.

Great biologists seem especially hardy. The German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt successfully surveyed harsh, remote areas of the Russian Empire for goldfields after turning 60,and began publishing the 19th century's greatest work of synthesis, Cosmos, at age 76;he had completed 2000 pages by his death at 89,in 1859. More recently, Harvard University's Ernst Mayr was still writing papers at 100.

Why, then, do certain researchers stagnate while others flourish？ Some might be internalizing what Zuckerman called the "mythology" of aging in science. But another factor is that any education has built-in limits. Even Einstein may have been bumping against them. Scientists over 40 face a choice: continue using the endowments that have served them well but are challenged by a new generation, or turn to new subjects.

SEI 2002 shows that ______.

A．in science fields the U.S. face shortage of talent

B．average age of the science and engineering workforce in coming decades will be higher

C．for old scientific workers, aging has impaired their creativity

D．the young Americans in research has outnumbered retirees

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