import factor

A.harm; scarce; import

B.harm; abundant; import

C.benefit; scarce; export

D.benefit; scarce; import

A．正确

B．错误

Part B

Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.

The Revolutionary War, which began officially on April 19, 1775, dragged on for more than six bitter years. It was conflict fought by the colonials for the righteous cause of securing freedom from intolerable British intervention in America affairs.

41)_______________. When legal restrictions were implemented by both the British and the colonists in 1775, nearly all American overseas commerce abruptly ceased. By mid-1775, the colonies faced acute shortages in such military essentials as powder, flints, muskets, and knives. Even salt, shoes, woolens and linens were in short supply. Late in 1775, Congress authorized limited trade with the West Indies, mainly to procure arms and ammunitions, and trade with other non -British areas was on an unrestricted basis by the spring of 1776.

42)_______________. Yet the colonies engaged in international trade despite the blockade. Formal treaties of commerce with France in 1778 and with Holland and Spain shortly thereafter stimulated the flows of overseas trade. Between 1778 and early 1782, American war time commerce was at its zenith. During those years, France, Holland, Spain, and their possessions all actively traded with the colonies. Even so, the flow of goods in and out of the colonies remained well below prewar levels. Smuggling, privateering, and legal trade with overseas partners only partially offset the drastic trade reductions with Britain. Even the coastal trades were curtailed by a lack of vessels, by blockades, and by wartime freight rates. British-occupied ports, such as New York, generated some import activity but little or nothing in the way of exports.

43)_______________. In Philadelphia, for instance, nearly 4,000 women were employed to spin materials in their homes for the newly established textile plants. A sharp increase also occurred in the number of artisan workshops with a similar stimulus in the production of beer, whiskey, and other domestic alcoholic beverages. 44)_______________. Only the least commercialized rural areas remained little affected by the serpentine path of war and the sporadic flows of wartime commerce.

Overall, the war imposed a distinct economic hardship on the new nation. Most goods rose in cost and were more difficult to obtain. High prices and severe commercial difficulties encouraged some investors to turn from commerce to manufacturing. Then, once the trade lanes reopened with the. coming of peace, even those who profited from the war were stung by

the tide of imports that swept it to American ports and sharply lowered prices. 45) _______________.

[A] The rechanneling of American resources into import competing industries was especially strong along the coast and in the major port cities.

[B] As exports and imports fell, import substitution abounded, and tile colonial economy became considerably more self-sufficient.

[C] Although many Americans escaped the direct ordeals of war, few Americans were untouched by it—at least indirectly.

[D] Nevertheless, the British maintained a fairly effective naval blockade of American ports, especially during the first two years of the war.

[E] Internally, the. most pressing problems were financial.

[F] More important was the fact that Congress had no independent income and had to rely for funds on catch as catch can contributions from the states, made roughly in proportion to their individual populations.

[G] Maritime commerce was always an important factor in the war effort, and trade linkages were vital to the supply of arms and ammunitions.

41._______________

A、frequency factor

B、energy factor

C、catalysis factor

D、active factor

流动要素(mobile factor)

凝血因子(coagulation factor)