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A) Engineering Materials Technology
B) Materials Engineering
C) Materials Science
D) Materials ScienceAnd Engineering
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A、Cervix
B、Uterus
C、Prostate
D、Vagina
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style. of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity. For in- stance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior. including gambling, drugs, etc. large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior. seem to be outcomes of large population size.
Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A．Two contrasting views are presented.
B．An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C．Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D．A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesn&39;t mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism, sabotage, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered.
Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the last twelve years. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $ 3 billion to $ 5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts-to keep track of the growth or decline of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (A) more computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (B) more computers tied together in satellite and other data-transmission networks; and (C) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe. data bases.
The Criminal
Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage "hackers"—brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble. But a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i. e.. an "insider".
Difficulty of Detection and Prevention
Given the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it.
Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for "weapons" or fingerprints does not occur as it might in the investigation of more conventional crimes.
Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a mom filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the company&39;s work or committing a criminal act？
Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the computer&39;s capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as LosAngeles, police departments have set up specially trained computer crime units.
But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys (律师), judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computer&39;s potential for misuse.
After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute (起诉) the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the pubic will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities (脆弱性) because they rely heavily on customer trust.
To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases do go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or light sentence because the judge or jury isn&39;t fully trained to understand the nature and seriousness of the crime. Not all companies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when the company discovered that one of its computer technicians had embezzled about200, 000 by entering false benefit claims, it presented it findings to the state’s attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misuse, but also for grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a policy of reporting all incidents of theft or fraud, no matter how small.
The FBI knows exactly how large a loss is involved in computer crimes.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
It has become easy for microcomputer owners to use huge mainframe. data bases.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
It is implied in the Paragraph 3 that most computer criminals are the employees of the concerned companies.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
Many companies don&39;t report computer crimes because law procedures against computer crimes usually cost a lot of money.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
When computer crime takes place in a room filled with people, there arc usually many witnesses to the crime.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
The passage is mainly about the increase of computer crimes in America and the difficulties in combating computer crimes.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
Computer crimes are on the rise because more cheap microcomputers are available.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
According to the passage, computer crimes has been on the rise for the last ______ years.
Connecticut General Life Insurance company is cited as ______ of companies that took serious measures to fight against computer crimes.
Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities because they place too much reliance on ______.
A．Electronmicroscope
B．Opticalmicroscope
C．X-ray diffraction (XRD)
D．Differential thermal analysis (DTA)
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