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A．Fleming enjoyed writing Live and Let Die more than his other books
B．this is the most attractive of his books because he enjoyed writing it
C．this is the most charming and energetic of his books
D．this is the book that most holds the attention of the reader
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B．They may become nice people if they are willing to change their lifestyle
C．They are fine young men despite their loose jeans and multi-colored hair
D．They will respect you if you respect them
A．The reasons it offers are largely insignificant.
B．The Clinton-Nickles bill was too expensive.
C．Its tax cuts proposal is even more costly.
D．The estimated cost for the bill is just $ 5 billion.
As argument rages over declining test scores in the nation's schools, an old but explosive issue is reappearing; What is intelligence — and is it determined largely by genetics？
The controversy erupted more than a decade ago when some U. S. scholars saw a racial pattern in the differing scores of students taking intelligence and college-entrance tests.
Now, the racial issue is being joined by others. Teachers, psychologists, scientists and lawyers argue over the question of whether IQ — intelligence quotient — tests actually measure mental ability, or if findings are skewed by such factors as family background, poverty and emotional disorders.
Moreover, some authorities assert that the rise in the number of college-educated Americans and their tendency to marry among themselves are creating a class of supersmart children of brainy parents — and, on the other side of the scale, a lumpenproletariat of children reflecting the supposedly inferior brainpower of their parents. Critics such as Harvard University biologist Richard C. Lewontin disagree. If mental ability were largely determined by inheritance, he says, efforts to enhance intelligence through the betterment of both home and child-rearing environments could only be marginally effective. He comments :
" Genetic determinism could be used to justify existing social injustice as predetermined and inevitable and would render efforts made toward equalitarian goals as useless. "
Supporting Lewontin in this is J. McVicker Hunt, a professor at the University of Illinois, who maintains that IQ levels can be raised significantly by exposing children at an early age to stimulating environments. Hunt's studies show that early help in such areas as education and nutrition can raise a child's IQ by an average of 30 to 35 points.
At stake in the uproar over IQ is the national commitment to improve the capabilities of the poor by investing billions of dollars annually in educational, medical and job programs.
The controversy over IQ tests is reappearing because of
A．the newly found racial pattern underlying students' performance.
B．the worsening students' performance in their studies.
C．the long-standing division in the definition of intelligence.
D．the dubious IQ scales used to measure intelligence.
A．it shifts the tax load from the poor to the rich.
B．it gets profit by undermining the two-layered system.
C．it harms the interests of local governments.
D．it violates the equal opportunities principle.
A．The Taming of the Queue.
B．Controversy over New Businesses.
C．You Wait, I Wait, We All Wait.
D．The Bureaucratic Beast.
A．Because without air the plane can't fly.
B．Because the plane needs air for its fuel.
C．Because the passengers' lives depend on air.
D．Because the passengers have paid for it.
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