Why work？【C1】______ you have periodically asked yourself the same question, perhaps focuse

d on【C2】______ you have to work. Selfinterest in its broadest【C3】______ including the interests of family and friends, is a basic【C4】______ for work in all societies. But self-interest can【C5】______ more than providing for subsistence or【C6】______ wealth. For instance, among the Maori, a Polynesian people of the South Pacific, a desire for approval, a sense of duty, a wish to【C7】______ to custom and tradition, a feeling of emulation(竞争), and a pleasure in craftsmanship are【C8】______ reasons for working. Even within the United States, we cannot understand work as simply a response to【C9】______ necessity. Studies show that 'the vast【C10】______ of Americans would continue to work even if they inherited enough money to live comfortably.

When people work, they gain a【C11】______ place in society. The fact that they receive pay for their work indicates that【C12】______ they do is needed by other people and that they are a necessary part of the social【C13】______ . Work is also a major social mechanism for【C14】______ people in the larger social structure and【C15】______ providing them with identities. In the United States, it is a blunt and【C16】______ public fact that to do nothing is to be nothing and to do little is to be little. Work is commonly seen as the measure of an individual.

Sociologist Melvin L. Kohn and his associates have shown some of the ways work affects our lives.【C17】______ , people who engage in selfdirected work come to【C18】______ self-direction more highly, to be more open to new ideas and to be less authoritarian in their relationships with others.【C19】______ , they develop self-conceptions consistent with these values, and as parents they pass these characteristics on to their children. Our work, then, is an important【C20】______ experience that influences who and what we are.

【C1】

A．Unpredictably

B．Undoubtedly

C．Unfortunately

D．unconsciously