Americans circle of close confidants has shrunk dramatically in the past two decades but
【M1】
【M1】
A.Ⅰ only
B.Ⅱ only
C.Ⅰ and Ⅱ only
D.Ⅰ and Ⅲ only
E.Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ
【C1】
A.wherever
B.anywhere
C.where
D.whenever
【C1】
A.wherever
B.anywhere
C.where
D.whenever
This World, a round island resting on the surface of waters, was suspended from the sky by four cords attached to the island at the four cardinal points of the compass. Lines drawn to connect the opposite points of the compass, from north to south and from east to west, intersected This World to divide it into four wedge-shaped segments. Thus a symbolic representation of the human world was a cross within a circle, the cross representing the intersecting lines and the circle the shape of This World.
Each segment of This World was identified by its own color. According to Cherokee doctrine, east was associated with the color red because it was the direction of the Sun, the greatest deity of all. Red was also the color of fire, believed to be directly connected with the Sun, with blood, and therefore with life. Finally, red was the color of success. The west was the Moon segment: it provided no warmth and was not life-giving as the Sun was. So its color was black, North was the direction of cold, and so its color was blue (sometimes purple), and it represented trouble and defeat. South was the direction of warmth, its color, white, was associated with peace and happiness.
The southeastern Native Americans' universe was one in which opposites were constantly at war with each other, red against black, blue against white. This World hovered somewhere between the perfect order and predictability of the Upper World and the total disorder and instability of the Lower World. The goal was to find some kind of halfway path or balance, between those other worlds.
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.One Civilization's View of the Universe.
B.The Changing of the Seasons in the Southeast.
C.The Painting of Territorial Maps by Southeastern Native Americans.
D.The War Between Two Native American Civilizations.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文: Comparatively speaking, Americans give gifts on a relatively small number of occasion and to a relatively small circle for people. Offering gifts to people who do not expect them can cause mutual embarrassment and can even lead to the suspicion that the gift-giver is seeking to influence the recipient in an inappropriate way.
Generally, Americans give gifts to relatives and close friends. Frequently they give gifts such as flowers, wine or candy to hostesses. They do not normally give gifts to teachers, business colleagues, or other people who might be in a position to grant or withhold favorable treatment. In fact giving gifts to people who are in a position to grant or withhold favors can be regarded as an improper effort to gain favor.
Christmas comes close to being a national gift-giving day in America. Except for those non Christians, Americans exchange gifts with relatives, schoolmates, and close friends. Other gift-giving occasions are days that are special to the recipient: birthdays, graduations, weddings, and childbirths. A "house-warming" gift is sometimes given to people who have moved into a new house.
Americans try to select a gift they believe the recipient could use or would enjoy. People are not expected to give expensive gifts unless they can readily afford them.
Americans commonly send a Christmas card to each of their acquaintances and sometimes to business colleagues as well.
(27)
A.Almost the same through the ages.
B.Showing different representative styles through the ages.
C.Developing from pictures and signs.
D.Developed by great calligraphers.
The result of these attitudes and behaviors is sometimes viewed by foreigner as an "inability to be friends". Other times it is seen as a normal way to retain personal happiness in a mobile, ever-changing society.
People normally have in their minds stereotypes about people who are different from themselves. Stereotypes are based on limited and incomplete experience and information, but they shape people's thoughts and expectations. Americans have many stereotypes about foreign students in general (for example, that they are very hard working, intelligent, and rich; that they do not speak English well) and about particular categories of foreign students (Chinese are polite and good at mathematics, for example, or Italians are emotional). And foreign students have their own stereotypes of Americans, for example, that they are arrogant, rude, and generous.
There are two stereotypes that often effect male-female relationships involving U.S. and foreign students. The first is the idea, held by some foreign males, that American females are invariably willing, if not anxious, to have sex. The second common stereotype, held by some American females, is that male foreign students have no interest in American females other than having sex with them. The existence of these and other stereotypes can give rise to considerable misunderstanding and can block the development of a mutually satisfactory relationship between particular individuals. Stereotypes seem unavoidable, given the way the human mind seeks to categorize and classify information, so it is not realistic to suppose people can "forget their stereotypes". But they can be aware of their stereotypes, and be ready to find exceptions to them.
Concerning friendship, Americans ______
A.look for a deeper relationship in a close circle
B.avoid deep relationship with other people
C.are friendly at first but do not remain so later on
D.do not make good friends
Passage Two
A particular area in which assumptions and values differ between cultures is that of friendship. Friendships among Americans tend to be shorter and less intense than these among people from many other cultures. At least many observers from abroad have this impression.Because Americans are taught to be self-reliant,because they live in a very mobile society,and for many other reasons as well,they tend to avoid deep involvement with other people. Furthermore,Americans tend to“compartmentalize”their friendships,having their“friends at work”,“friends at school”,a“tennis friend”,and so on. Americans often seem very friendly even when you first meet them. This friendliness does not usually mean that the American is looking for a deeper relationship.
The result of these attitudes and behaviors is sometimes viewed by foreigners as an“inability to be friends”. Other times it is seen as a normal way to retain personal happiness in a mobile,ever-changing society.
People normally have in their minds stereotypes about people who are different from themselves. Stereotypes are based on limited and incomplete experience and information,but they shape people’s thoughts and expectations. Americans have many stereotypes about foreign students in general(for example,that they are very hard working intelligent,and rich that they do speak English well)and about particular categories of foreign students(Chinese are polite and good at mathematics,for example,or Italians are emotional). And foreign students have their own stereotypes of Americans,for example,that they are arrogant,rude,and generous.
There are two stereotypes that often affect male-female relationships involving U.S. and foreign students. The first is the idea,held by some foreign males,that American females are invariably willing,if not anxious to have sex. The second common stereotype,held by some American females,is that male foreign students have no interest in American females other than having with them. The existence of these and other stereotypes can give rise to considerable misunderstanding and can block the development of a mutually satisfactory relationship between particular individuals. Stereotypes seem unavoidable given the way the human mind seeks to categorize and classify information,so it is not realistic to suppose people can“forget their stereotypes”. But they can be aware of their stereotypes,and be ready to find exceptions to them.
36. Consuming friendship,Americans .
A. look for a deeper relationship in a close circle
B. avoid deep relationship with other people
C. are friendly at first but do not remain so later on
D. do not make good friends
(30)
A.Marriage that continues for many years without divorce.
B.Marriage that can easily end in divorce.
C.People will marry three or four times in one life-time.
D.Divorced people don't stay single.
听力原文: Marriage is still a popular institution in the United States, but divorce is becoming almost as "popular". Nevertheless, most American people get married at the present time. Fifty percent of American marriages end in divorce. However, four out of five divorced people do not stay single. They get married a see6nd time to new partners. Sociologists tell us that in the next century, most American people will marry three or four times in one lifetime. Alvin Toffler, an American sociologist, calls this new social form. "serial marriages". In his new book Fortune Shock, Toffler gives many reasons for this change in American marriage. In modern society, people's lives don't stay the same for very long. Americans frequently change their jobs, their homes, and their circle of friends. So, the person who was a good husband or wife ten years ago is sometimes not as good ten years later. After some years of marriage, a husband and wife can feel that their lives have become very different, and they don't share the same interests any more. For this reason, Toffler says, people in the twenty- first century will not plan to marry only one person for an entire lifetime. They will plan to stay married to one person for perhaps five or ten years, and then marry another. Most Americans will expect to have a "marriage career" that includes three or four marriages.
(30)
A.Marriage that continues for many years without divorce.
B.Marriage that can easily end in divorce.
C.People will marry three or four times in one life-time.
D.Divorced people don't stay single.
The love-hate relationship with food was examined in the documentary "Fat" which aired on November 3, and if there is any comfort for the more than 90 million overweight Americans it's that the rest of the world is also getting fatter.
"There is an enormous pressure on people to be thin and to be physically fit but at the same time there is a tremendous pressure and inducement to eat, "Or Kelly Brownell, professor of psychology at Yale University and a participant in the programme, said in an interview. "You will see a Baskin Robbins next to Weight Watchers. You'll see a Family Circle magazine with a delicious chocolate cake on the cover beside a diet article, "said Brownell. "At the same time as we have record levels of obesity, we have record levels of eating disorders too," he said.
The desire to eat fatty food came from a primitive survival instinct to store enough energy in good times to ensure survival when food was scare. But in a modern urban society, where fast food chains appear on almost every block, the instinct to eat far has begun to work against us.
The documentary claims that nowhere is the exposure to junk food more prevalent than in the United States, where the problem has been compounded by the increasingly sedentary modern lifestyle. It also says that members of Arizona's Pima Indian tribe are the fattest people in the fattest country on earth. Until recently the tribe lived a simple life, but in 1984 when the tribe won a gaming stream. Today the tribe is plagued by obesity, high blood pressure and heart disease. Just 800 kms south in Mexico, another branch of the Pima tribe continues to live a traditional life and eats a traditional diets. These Pima have none of the problems of their American counterparts, who are on average 27kgs heavier.
Part of the problem, according to Brownetl, is the intense advertising of junk food in the United States. The average American child sees thousands of TV commercials each year, most of which advertise fast food, candy and sodas.
The food environment has become so "toxic" according to the documentary, that some US schools even offers fast food such as McDonald's and Burger King in school cafeterias.
"If there is any comfort for the more than 90 million overweight Americans it's that the rest of the world is also getting fatter." What does this sentence mean?
A.Overweight Americans will be glad to see the rest of he world is getting fatter.
B.Actually there is no comfort at all for overweight Americans.
C.The rest of the world had sympathy on overweight Americans.
D.Overweight Americans dislike thin person.
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