The judges’ decision has aroused a lot of __________.

A、Life tenure of judges unaffected by the President’s decision

B、salary unaffected by Congressional decisions

C、Popular support from the electorate

D、All of the above

ax was right on the target．

W：Thanks，but I have to tell you，it seems you were in the minority．The judges thought otherwise.

Q：What do we learn from the conversation？

(18)

A．Stacy lost the debate.

B．Stacy won the debate.

C．The judges couldn't agree on the decision.

D．The judges' decision was out of their expectations.

in the passage include all the following except______.

A．to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts

B．to establish small-claims courts

C．to request plaintiffs to waive the right to jury trial and the right to appeal the decision

D．to use pretrial conferences

ed in the passage include all the following except______.

A.to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts

B.to establish small-claims courts

C.to request plaintiffs to waive the right to jury trial and the right to appeal the decision

D.to use pretrial conferences

A．It kept the 12,000 journalists up-to-date on the results.

B．It helped journalists know the judges' final decision within a minute's time.

C．It allowed the traffic controllers to relay traffic reports more efficiently.

D．It helped the journalists in identifying their weaknesses and suggesting ways to improve

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.

听力原文：M: Stacy, I thought you really beat Amy in the debates. Your argument about a flat tax was right on the target.

W: Thanks, but I have to tell you, it seems you were in the minority. The judges thought otherwise.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation？

(12)

A．Stacy lost the debate.

B．Stacy won the debate.

C．The judges couldn't agree on the decision.

D．The judges' decision was out of their expectations.

he abrupt end of a murder trial. An Iranian intelligence agent was on trial for the killing last year of a Canadian-Iranian journalist. Canadian Foreign Minister Bill Graham said Sunday's decision by a Teheran court to end the trial is as he put it a denial of justice. Last week, Canada recalled its ambassador to protest Iran's refusal to allow observers at the trial.

Canada will call back its ambassador because the Teheran court ______.

A．ended the trial suddenly

B．did not do justice

C．cleared the agent

D．changed the judges

Divorce

In arbitration, the divorce case is presented to a neutral party called an arbitrator who, like a judge, has the power to decide what should happen in the case. Arbitrators may be matrimonial lawyers or former judges, but in any case they should be familiar with the law. The arbitrator has power to compel decisions over the objection of one or both parties. The decisions may be either binding or nonbinding. If binding, parties are usually bound by the decision until you can prove the arbitrator was biased, made a gross error of law or exceeded the arbitrator's authority. A nonbinding decision may be appealed, but if the end result is the same as the first decision or more favorable to the other spouse, the spouse who appealed may be ordered to pay the other's costs.

Many states now require you and your spouse to participate in mediation, arbitration or some other form. of alternative dispute resolution before a judge will hear the divorce case. Usually you will have to pay for the services, but in some states the court will provide mediators at no cost. In any case, resolving your conflicts without going to court will cost you less money and be easier on your emotions. Here are some tips to consider when evaluating mediation and arbitration options:

A mediator helps you and your spouse to reach an agreement but has no power to enforce it.

An arbitrator acts like a hired judge but may or may not be a lawyer.

An arbitrator may also enforce an agreement.

If the court requires mediation, opposing it may anger the judge and prejudice your case.

Mediated agreements may be harder to alter than court decisions.

Whether you use mediation or arbitration, go into it prepared.

An arbitrator could be anyone of the following EXCEPT______.

A．a sitting judge

B．a retired judge

C．a matrimonial lawyer

D．a former judge

tance. But the federal government wants to put a stop to it, and the U.S. Supreme Court has now agreed to consider a request from the Department of Justice to bar the technology from military courts.

Uncertainties surround the science of lie detection, which uses a device called polygraph. In 1991 President George Bush banned lie detector evidence in military courts. But that ban has since been overturned by the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, which ruled that it restricts defendants' rights to present evidence of their innocence.

In the past two years, some federal courts have also ruled that polygraph evidence can be heard. This follows a decision by the Supreme Court in 1993 that gave federal judges more discretion to decide on the admissibility of evidence.

A polygraph consists of monitors for pulse rate, sweating and breathing rate. The device is supposed to uncover lies by recording increases in these measures as the subject answers questions.

Critics have always argued that cunning defendants can control their physiological responses and sway polygraph results. But supporters of the technique argue that recent research has found it to be reliable. A psychologist named Charles Honts at a state university in Idaho, points to lab oratory studies, some of them being his own, in which student-subjects were offered cash to sway the test results.

This argument is rejected by Leonard Saxe, a psychologist at a Boston university. "There is a huge difference between students in a lab and a defendant", he says. Guilty defendants have time in which to rehearse their lies, and can even come to believe them to be true.

Saxe believes that the entire theoretical basis of lie detection is invalid. "It assumes you will be more nervous lying than telling the truth". But he says that for some people lies are trivial, while certain truth can be hard to swallow.

David Faigrnan of the University of California says that if the Supreme Court upholds the military appeal court's decision to allow polygraph evidence, polygraph bans would be overturned in federal courts across U.S. "That will put a big burden on judges to understand the science, and lead to a lot more' expert testimony in the courts", he predicts. The justice department fears that this will greatly increase the cost of trials.

According to the passage, which organization raised the proposal to stop the practice of lie detection evidence in military court？

A．Federal Government.

B．U.S. Supreme Court.

C．Department of Justice.

D．Military Courts.