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[主观题]

For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science fo

r the construction of what we call modem civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human interliving, long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument.

Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets any day these days on the issue of nuclear energy. Give it back, say some of the voices, it doesn' t really work, we' ve tried it and it doesn' t work, go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man.

The principle discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance about nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, matters of absolute certainty - Newtonian mechanics, for example - have slipped through our fingers, and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, ambiguities; some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.

Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear, the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today' s imagining.

It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves.

What can' t be inferred from the 1 st paragraph？

A．Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.

B．For three hundred years there have been people holding hostile attitude toward science.

C．Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific progress unanimously.

D．Three hundred years is not long enough to settle back critical appraisal of scientific method.

提问人：网友waluheke 发布时间：2022-01-07
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更多“For about three centuries we h…”相关的问题
第1题
听力原文：W: Mr. Ford, is the number of complaints increasing or decreasing？M: There was a

听力原文：W: Mr. Ford, is the number of complaints increasing or decreasing？

M: There was a slight decrease last year. The highest number of complaints was two years ago when we received 7,300.

W: Does the reduction mean that the quality of goods and services is improving？

M: I don't think so. It's probably due to the poor economic situation. Most people are simply buying less.

W: Is there any change in the nature of the complaints？

M: Not really. People are still complaining about the same things.

W: What do they complain about most often？

M: Electrical appliances. Last year, we received 1,809 complaints about them- 25 per cent of all complaints. Then there are complaints about travel agencies, photographic and sound equipment, and clothing- in that order.

W: What sort of complaints do you get about travel agencies？

M: Oh, they include anything from air tickets to accommodation.

W: Are most of the complaints justified？

M: About 90 per cent of the complaints about travel agencies are justified. In other areas, investigation of about 50 per cent of the complaints reveals some kind of business malpractice, but overall about 30 per cent of the complaints are due to misunderstandings on the part of the consumer; the rest are too vague to be worth following up.

W: How long does it take you to complete an investigation of a complaint？

M: About two to three weeks for a proper investigation. We really need more staff.

W: Thank you, Mr. Ford.

M: My pleasure.

Which of the following is the closest to the record number of consumer complaints？

A．2,000.

B．4,000.

C．5,000.

D．7,000.

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第2题
Passage Two:Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.A breakthrough （突破) in

Passage Two:Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.A breakthrough (突破) in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC’s research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC’s scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan.

The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community’s solar energy programme, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three per cent of the Community’s energy requirements even after the year 2000. But he said that with a modest increase in the present＜ sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade.

Mr. Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provided three per cent of the EEC’s needs, this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the Community’s future energy needs.

At present the EEC spends about $2.6 millions a year on solar research at Ispra, one of the EEC’s official joint research centres, and another $3 millions a year in indirect research with universities and other independent bodies.

第26题：The phrase “be brought forward” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably means ________.

A) be expected

B) be completed

C) be advanced

D) be introduced

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第3题
听力原文：W: Mr.Hiller.is the number of complaints increasing or decreasing？M: There was a

听力原文：W: Mr.Hiller.is the number of complaints increasing or decreasing？

M: There was a slight decrease last year.The highest number of complaints was two years ago when we received 7,300.

W: Does the reduction mean that the quality of goods and services is improving？

M: don't think so.It's probably due to poor economic situation.Most people are simply buying less.

W: Is there ally change in the nature of the complaints？

M: Not really.People are still complaining about the same things.

W: What do they complain about most often？

M: Electrical appliances.Last year,we received 1,809 complaints about them-25 percent of all complaints.Then there are complaints about travel agencies,photographic and sound equipment,and clothing-in that order

W: What sort of complaints do you get about travel agencies？

M: Oh.they include anything from air tickets to accommodation.

W: Are most of the complaints justified？

M: About 90 per cent of the complaints about travel agencies are justified.In other areas,investigation of about 50 per cent of the complaints reveals some kind of business malpractice,but overall about 30 per cent of the complaints are due to misunderstandings on the part of the consumer；the rest are too vague to be worth following up.

W: How long does it take you to complete an investigation of a complaint？

M: About two to three weeks for a proper investigation. we really need more staff.

W: Thank you.Mr.Hiller.

M: My pleasure.

Why did the number of complaints decrease last year according to the man？

A．The quality of goods and services has improved.

B．Most people are reducing their consumption.

C．Complaint channels are too limited.

D．Many people don't bother to complain.

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第4题
Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last 30 years. Total emissions ofs

Air quality in Britain has improved considerably

in the last 30 years. Total emissions of

smoke in the air have risen by over 85 per cent 【1】______

since 1950. The domestic smoking control 【2】______

program has been particularly important in achieving

this result. London and other major cities are no 【3】______

longer have the dense smoke-laden "smogs" of the

1950s, but in central London winter sunshine has 【4】______

increased about 70 per cent since 1958. 【5】______

Since 1990, daily air pollution data from the

British monitoring network has been made available 【6】______

to the public by the Department of the

Environment's Air Quality Bulletins. These give the

concentrations of three main pollutants--ozone, nitrogen

dioxide and sulfur dioxide -- and grade air quality

on a scale between "very weak" and "very 【7】______

good". The information features in television and

radio weather reports, appears in many national and 【8】______

local newspapers. Therefore, the data are available 【9】______

on a special free telephone number and on videotext

systems.

A comprehensive review of the issue of urban

air quality was published in January 1992. Three

independent committees of which experts have been 【10】______

established to advise on different aspects of the problem,

and will set guidelines and targets for air quality.

The network is also being extended and up-

graded at a cost of ￡ 10 million.

【M1】

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第5题
Read the news item below about a company that runs health and fitness clubs.Choose the bes

Read the news item below about a company that runs health and fitness clubs.

Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.

Fighting Fit

Fine Fitness, the health and fitness club operator, an impressive set of results yesterday. (19) a 38-per-cent jump in annual pre-tax profits, the company claimed that it had (20) none of the problems (21) last week by its rival, Top Fit. According to Samantha Collier, the chief executive, Fine Fitness (22) strong and is on (23) to reach its target of 100 clubs within three years, its strategy unaffected by the apparent (24) down of the economy.

The company opened 12 new clubs in the past year, (25) its total to 51. They have (26) to be highly successful, with people joining in large numbers, especially in the 25-to-40 age range. Even the more (27) clubs are still seeing sales growth, along with rising retention (28) of more than 70 per cent. This can be seen as clear (29) of the appeal of Fine Fitness. Ms Collier admitted that as there were (31) too many companies competing with one another, there would almost certainly be (31) in the health-and-fitness-club sector of the market. She predicted that, within a relatively short time, there might be only about three major companies still in (32) However, she declined to say which these were likely to be. Profits rose by ~6.3 million, although there was a fall in gross margins from 31 per cent to 28.6 per cent because of higher insurance premiums, extra management costs and start-up expenses for the company's new (33) in Spain.

(19)

A．Stating

B．Reporting

C．Remarking

D．Informing

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第6题
？Read the text below about customer care． ？In most of the lines（41-52)there is one extra

？Read the text below about customer care．

？In most of the lines(41-52)there is one extra word．It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text．Some Iines，however,are correct．

？If a line is correct．write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet．

？If there is an extra word in the line．write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet．

41．as well．While our Customer Helpline(charged at local rates)is the

42．first point of contact with when you want to make an enquiry and

43．we receive a huge number of calls from customers-on

44．average，there are 50，000 calls a one week．Avai lable 24 hours

45．a day，seven days a week，365 days a year，our Helpline on advisors

46．aims at to answer 95 per cent of all calls within 15 seconds．There

47．are more than 200 advisors，working in around the clock to

48．provide for this service．backed by a further 80 support staff

49．who do handle any necessary paperwork．Although our target

50．is to reply to letters within 10 working days，NatElectric regularly

51．responds within three to four days，and we are especially proud of the

52．very high standards achieved of our customer relations team．

(42)

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第7题
？Read the article below about banking.？Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill

？Read the article below about banking.

？Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.

？For each question 21-30 mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

A CHALLENGE TO TRADITIONAL BANKING

Traditional methods of banking are under threat from a new type of account which is actually meant to be almost perpetually in debit. This account, to be (21) in a few months' time, is in- tended to (22) a range of personal banking services, such as current sc. counts, mortgages, per- sop, al loans and credit cards. Customers, who must (23) that they are at least five years from retirement, will be required to (24) a mortgage of at least ￡ 50,000 on their homes and have their salaries paid directly into the account. They will then have an agreed credit (25) of up to three times their annual salary, to use as they wish-as well as the usual (26) such as debit, credit and cash cards and a cheque book. Accounts in debit will be charged interest at a rate of 8.2 per cent. This (27) favourably with the standard mortgage rate of 8.45 per cent, personal loan rates of around 13 per cent and credit card (28) of about 22 per cent. When the debt is cleared- as it must be by the time the customer retires-and the account goes into credit, it will attract interest at about 5 Her cent. Some experts say that it will revolutionise personal banking in the UK. But the (29) has been dismissed as a gimmick by rival banks and criticized by consumer groups, which are voicing fears that many customers on average incomes could be (30) into serious debt.

(20)

A．embarked

B．launched

C．released

D．issued

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第8题
请阅读短文，完成第题。We"ve got it all wrong， says Carlos Slim， the Mexican telecoms tycoon

请阅读短文，完成第题。

We"ve got it all wrong， says Carlos Slim， the Mexican telecoms tycoon and world"s second-richest man: we should be working only three days a week. Attending a business conference inParaguay， Mr. Slim said it was time for a"radical overhaul" of people"s working lives. Instead of being able to retire at 50 or 60， he says， we should work until we are older——but take more time off as we do so.

"People are going to have to work for more years， until they are 70 or 75， and just work three days a week——perhaps 11 hours a day，" he told the conference， according to Paraguay.com newsagency. "With three work days a week， we would have more time to relax for quality of life. Havingfour days（off） would be very important to generate new entertainment activities and other ways ofbeing occupied." The 74-year-old self-made magnate believes that such a move would generate a healthier and more productive labour force， while tackling financial challenges linked to longevity.He is putting his money where his mouth is. In his Tehnex fixed-line phone company in Mexico，where workers on a collective labour contract who joined the company in their late teens areeligible to retire before they are 50， he has instituted a voluntary scheme allowing such workers tokeep working， on full pay， but they only need to work four days a week.

Mr. Slim stunned the Mexican business world this month with plans to break up his Am6ricaM6vil empire， selling about a fifth of its assets， in order to avoid regulatory sanctions. Hiscompanies dominate 80 per cent of the fixed-line and 70 per cent of the mobile markets inMexico——above a new 50 per cent threshold. The magnate is a keen strategist and philanthropist，who has often said what he likes to do best is to think. He has cultivated interests outside thecorporate world: his passion for Rodin sculpture and art collecting is evident in the Soumaya museum in Mexico City dedicated to his late wife.

Another of his deep-held beliefs is that education should be rethought. He told the conference in Paraguay that it should "not be boring， but should be fun" and should teach people "not to memorize but to reason; not to domesticate but to train". He also called for more vocationaltraining.

Mr. Slim， who is at the age of 74 already， meanwhile， appears to have no plans to retire.

"Look at who he respects: the （Mexican） banker Manuel Espinosa Yglesias was something of amentor， and he was still working in his late 80s，" said Andrew Paxman， a British historian who iswriting a book about Mr. Slim.

Which is not the reason of having four days off a week being very important according to Mr. Slim？ 查看材料

A.People will have more time to relax and achieve quality of life.

B.People can generate new entertainment activities in the spare time.

C.People will have time to think about other ways of being occupied.

D.People will be happy and more willing to go to work.

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第9题
听力原文：Education is important in England. English children are required to attend school

听力原文： Education is important in England. English children are required to attend school until they are 16 years old. Education is free for all children from 5 to 18. About 94 per cent of pupils in the UK receive free education from public funds, while 6 per cent attend independent fee paying schools.

All government--run schools, state schools, follow the same National Curriculum. The school year is 39 weeks long and is divided into three terms, the autumn term, the winter term and the spring term.

Most children start school when they are 5. At the age of 11, they move on to regular high schools, known as secondary schools.

English children are required to attend school until they are 16 years old. At the age of 16, students write an examination called the GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education). All students are tested in mathematics, English literature, English composition, science, history or the Classics, one modern language, and one other subject, such as art or computer studies.

After completing the GCSE, some students leave school, others continue at high school or college, for two more years and take a further set of standardized exams; known as A levels. These exams determine whether a student is eligible for university.

(30)

A．5 years old.

B．10 years old.

C．7 years old.

D．16 years old.

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第10题
Part ADirections: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by cho

Part A

Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing (定量供应) is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about？ Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay？ Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home？ No one knows what to expect.

The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests in North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britain's overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.

But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.

Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they, should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.

The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation have seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 per cent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 per cent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion programme is not working very well.

Why is there "wide-spread uneasiness and confusion" about the food situation in Britain？

A．The abundant food supply is not expected to last.

B．Britain is importing less food.

C．Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.

D．Britain will cut back on its production of food

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第11题
Part ADirections: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by cho

Part A

Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

The long years of food shortage in this' country have suddenly given way to an apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet. instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about？ Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay？ Does it means that we need to think less now about producing more food at home？ No one knows what to expect. The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests in North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britain's overseas suppliers of meat, too. are offering more this year and, home production has also risen.

But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.

Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall. with the result that imported food. with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home produced variety. And now grain prices, too. are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.

The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generations have seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food. imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 per cent above prewar levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 per cent: but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.

Why is there "widespread uneasiness and confusion" about the food situation in Britain？

A．The abundant food supply is not expected to last.

B．Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.

C．Britain is importing less food.

D．Britain will cut back on its production of food.

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