题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
In the early 1860's many Chinese work crews were imported to ______.
A．be railway builders
B．be miners
C．do the laundry
D．run restaurants
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In the early 1860's, more Chinese were shipped to California to work as______.
A．gold miners
B．railroad builders
C．steelworkers
D．farmhands
By 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. (Passage 2)
By 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. (Passage 3)
______, the first chilled-steel plow made their appearance.
A．In the 18th century
B．In 1869
C．In 1860
D．As early as 1790
听力原文： The camera is often thought to be a modern invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered that light darkened silver salt, a chemical compound. Using a big box with a small hole to let the light in, he made temporary images on the salt. Silver salt is still the base of film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal sensitized with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists. The painter Dagera improved the process by placing common salt, the kind we eat, on the metal. This was in 1839, the official date of the beginning of photography. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it wasn't until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use that good printing was possible and photography became truly modern. In 1860's, Matthew Brady was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War, thus making portrait poses very popular. In the 20th century, George Eastman of the United States simplified film developing, and Edwards Land invented the so-called instant camera with self-developing film. If we say that the photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it has taken more than one hundred years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement.
What Is the base of film today？
A．Salt.
B．Silver Salt.
C．Metal.
D．Plastic.
听力原文： Today I will be talking about the invention of the camera and photography.
Camera is often thought to be a modern invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered light darkened silver salt, a chemical compound used as a camera, a big box with a small hole to let the light in, he made temporary images on the salt. Silver salt is still the basic film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal sensitized with silver salt. A photograph photograph he made in 1826 still exists.
The painter DeGair improved on the process by placing common salt, the kind we eat, on the metal. This was in 1839, the official date of the beginning of photography. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it was not until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use that good printing was possible, and photography became truly modern.
In the 1860's, Mathew Brady was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War, thus making portrait poses very popular. In the 20th century, George Eastman of the United States simplified film developing, and Edwin Land invented the so-called instant camera with self-developing film.
If we say photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it has taken more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement.
(22)
A．special paper.
B．silver salt.
C．common salt.
D．a special metal.
听力原文： Today I will be talking about the invention of the camera and photography.
Camera is often thought to be a modern invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered light darkened silver salt, a chemical compound. Using as a camera, a big box with a small hole to let the light in, he made temporary images on the salt. Silver salt is still the basic film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal sensitized with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists.
The painter DeGair improved on the process by placing common salt, the kind we eat, on the metal. This was in 1839, the official date of the beginning of photography. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it was not until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use that good printing was possible, and photography became truly modern.
In the 1860's, Mathew Brady was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War, thus making portrait poses very popular. In the 20th century, George Eastman of the United States simplified film developing, and Edwin Land invented the so-called instant camera with self-developing film.
If we say photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it has taken more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement.
The first permanent picture was made by using
A．special paper
B．silver salt
C．common salt
D．a special metal
[A] the 1860s
[B] 1860’s
[C] the 1860
[D] 1865s
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or petroleum a dark, thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850's Samud M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local scapages and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.
Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.
The first oil well was drilled by E.L. Drake. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it "Drake's Folly". But when he had drilled down about 70 feet (21) meters, Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.
News of Drake's success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860's these wildcatters were drilling for "black gold" all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.
Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880's and 1890's refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was net then used to make gasoline or heating oil.
What is the best title for the passage？
A．Oil Refining: A Historical Perspective
B．The California Gold Rush: Get Rich Quickly
C．Private Property: Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted
D．Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel
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