题目内容
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Stress can be either helpful or harmful depending on ______.
A．how a person deals with stress
B．what kind of stress it is
C．whether the stress can lead to emotional, intellectual, or physical disorder
D．how much exercise you do
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A.stressful
B.pressure
C.burden
D.pressing
A、words requiring emphasis.
B、the intonation of sense groups.
C、passages needing to be delivered more slowly.
D、pauses either for breath or to stress important points.
听力原文： A survey carried out in eight countries found that people around the world are annoyed with guilt about the small pleasures in life. This doesn't stop people from indulging in alcohol, cigarettes and high-fat foods, but it does stop them from enjoying them. The survey questioned 4000 people about their attitudes towards a list of indulgences including smoking, eating chocolate and cakes, drinking alcohol and failing to exercise.
It found that Australians are the world's most guilt-dominated people, while the Dutch were the greatest pleasure-takers and also least regretful about their indulgences. Germans came second in the guilt league and were least likely to take enjoyment from physical pleasures.
Scientists said moderate indulgence reduces stress, a benefit that can be completely outweighed by feelings of guilt. A favorite treat, such as a cup of tea or coffee, a glass of wine or beer, a cigarette or a bar of chocolate reduces stress and helps people relax. But when people get caught in the guilt trap, they either try to sacrifice their enjoyment or live with the guilt. This can undermine the positive benefits of enjoyment which studies show can protect against stress and strengthen the immune system.
At its worst, stress can lead to depression and illness such as heart disease and cancer.
(33)
A．People's indulgences in small pleasures.
B．People's guilty feelings about indulgences.
C．The enjoyment from physical pleasures.
D．The world's greatest pleasure takers.
Many people have the same or a similar dream many times,
over either a short period of time or their lifetime. Recurring dreams
usually mean there is something in your life you've not
acknowledged what is causing stress of some sort. The dream 【M1】 ______
repeats because you have not corrected the problem. Other theory is 【M2】 ______
that people who experience recurring dreams have some sort of
trauma(创伤)in their past they are trying to deal. In this case, 【M3】 ______
the dreams tend to less with time. 【M4】 ______
Nightmares are dreams that are so distressing that they usually
wake us up, at most partially. Nightmares can occur at any age 【M5】 ______
and are seen in children with the most frequency. Nightmares 【M6】 ______
usually cause strong feelings of fear, sad or anxiety. Their causes 【M7】 ______
are varied. Some medications cause nightmares(or cause them if
you discontinue the medication abruptly). Traumatic events also
cause nightmares.
Treatment for recurring nightmares usually starts with
interpreting what is going on in the dream and compare that with 【M8】 ______
what is happening in the person's life. Then, the person undergoes
counseling address the problems that are presumably causing the 【M9】 ______
nightmare. Some sleep centers offer nightmare therapy and
counseling. Another method of treating nightmares is through lucid
dreaming. Through lucid dreaming, the dreamer can confront with 【M10】______
his or her attacker and, in some cases, end the nightmares.
【M1】
Preventing Child Maltreatment(虐待）
Child maltreatment is aglobal problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence (流行） of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especiallylow-and middle-income countries, are lacking.
Child maltreatment iscomplex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless,international studies reveal that approxi-mately 20% of women and 5～10% of men reportbeing sexually abused as children,while 25～50% of all children report being physically abused.Additionally, many children are subject to emotional "abuse(sometimesreferred to as psychological abuse and neglect).
Every year,there are about31,000 homicide(杀人)deaths in children under 15. This number un-derestimates the trueextent of the problem,as a significant proportion of deaths due to childmaltreat-ment are incorrectly attributed to falls, burns and drowning.
Child maltreatment causessuffering to children and families and can have long-term conse-quences.Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early braindevelopment. Ex-treme stress can impair(伤害)the development ofthe nervous and immune(免疫)systems. Consequent-ly,as adults,maltreated children are at increasedrisk for behavioural, physical and mental health prob-lems. Via(通过)the behavioural andmental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease,cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.
Beyond the health consequencesof child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs ofhospitalization,mental health treatment, ch ild welfare, and longer-term healthcosts.
A number of risk factors forchild maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present inall social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when one attempts tounderstand the causes of child maltreatment.
It is important to emphasizethat children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment.A numberof characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of beingmaltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, beingunwanted,or failing to fulfill the expecta-tions of parents and having specialneeds' crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.
International studies reveal that
A.many children have been neglected
B.child maltreatment is most serious in developed countries
C.20% of children have been sexually abused
D.25~50% of girls have been physically abused
.We are often noisy at weddings and sympathetic at funerals.Our table manners are not the same at a picnic as in a restaurant.When speaking with people,we feel free to interrupt close friends but tend to listen to our employers until they finish.If we don’t make such adjustments(调整),we are likely to get into trouble.
From one point of view,language is behaviour;it is part of the way we act.And like every other kind of behaviour,it must be adjusted to fit different contexts or situations where it is used.For instance,among people who are used to a writing system,there is one adjustment everyone makes:they speak one way and write another way.Speakers can stop in the middle of a conversation and repeat themselves if they sense that they are being misunderstood;writers often go back over their writing to see that it is clear,which is,however,before the communication occur.Once writers have passed their writing to someone else,they cannot change it.
Speakers can use intonation(语调)，stress(重音)，and pauses to help make their meaning clear.A simple sentence like “John kept my pencil” may mean,by a shift in the stress and intonation patterns,either John rather than someone else kept the pencil,or John kept rather than just borrowed the pencil,or it was a pencil rather than anything else that he kept.Writers,on the other hand,have their special tools of various punctuation(标点) marks,capitals,italic(斜体) letters,and so on.Skillful writers could also change the word order of a sentence.So“Cindy only had five dollars” could be turned into “Cindy had only five dollars” to mean Cindy had no more than five dollars,or into “Only Cindy had five dollars” to mean nobody but Cindy had five dollars.
36.The main purpose of the first paragraph in this passage is to _______.
A.summarize the passage
B.introduce the topic of the passage
C.use examples to illustrate the first sentence of the paragraph
D.use examples to illustrate the last sentence of the paragraph
37.According to Paragraph 1,we must adjust our behavior. because _______.
A.we should appear happy at weddings and sad at funerals
B.we should listen to our employers more than to our friends
C.our manners should be different in different places
D.our behavior. should be acceptable to others around
38.Language as mentioned in Paragraph 2 is considered _______.
A.a kind of behavior
B.an act found in all situations
C.an adjustment everyone makes
D.both spoken and written
39.According to Paragraph 2,speakers and writers differ mainly in _______.
A.the amount of time they spend on the communication
B.the number of times they stop while communicating
C.how they can make sure that they are not misunderstood
D.when they decide to begin the communication
40.According to Paragraph 3,speakers can use such tools as _______ to make their meaning clear.
A.intonation patterns and word order
B.stress patterns and word order
C.pauses and punctuation marks
D.pauses and shifts in stress patterns
The college Counseling Service is located in the North Building. The counselors are Ms. Penny Rawson and Ms. Ann. I have asked Ms. Rawson to join us today to discuss their role. Ms. Rawson
Ms. Rawson: Thank you. Both Ann and I are full-time counselors. Students either come to us on their own or are referred to us by a tutor. We are here to help them with any problems, no matter how great or small, such as homesickness, relationship difficulties, death and separation, sexual problems, undue stress due to work and so on. You will not be the first to be homesick, find college life stressful, or decisions problematic. So please don't hesitate to come and have a chat if there is anything bothering you.
This is a confidential service but we are willing to arrange with your course directors, your tutors, Student Union officers, career department or doctors. We can also put you in touch with ouside counseling services. As a part of the university, all counseling is free of charge for full-time students. I know some of you may feel that seeing a counselor has a stigma attached to it, but let me assure you that even the best balanced individuals encounter situations where they need someone to talk with. So please don't hesitate. You're welcome to make use of this service. We hope you will en- joy your studies at the university. Thank you.
Who might be the first speaker？
A．A student
B．A counselor
C．A course director
D．A Students Union officer
To work in an international organization, such as the United Nations, you need to be approved by one of the various international translators' or interpreters' associations. To achieve this, you must experience rigorous and lengthy training, either at an accrediting organization' s own school, or on a postgraduate course at university. But a qualification in languages is not the only route into the job. At London' s University of Westminster, candidates get offered a place on the interpreter' s course if they can show that they have" lived a bit", in the words of one lecture. Young people who have just left university often lack adequate experience of life.
The University also looks for candidates who have lived for long time in the countries where their acquired languages are spoken. They are also expected to have wide cultural interests and a good knowledge of current affairs. This broad range of interests are essential in a job which can require interpreting discussions of disarmament on Monday, international fishing rights on Tuesday,multinational finance on Wednesday, and the building and construction industry on Thursday.
Interpreters also rely on adrenaline (肾上腺素) — which is caused by the stress and challenges of the job — to keep them going through their demanding schedules. Many admit that they enjoy the buzz of adrenaline they get from the job, and it' s known that their heart rates speed up while they are working.
It' s also a job with its own risks and excitement. Interpreters are needed in war zones as well as in centres of international diplomacy, like the UN.
What does" have lived a bit" mean？ __________.
A．To be older than others.
B．To travel to more countries.
C．To have abundant life experience.
D．To have longer training in interpreting.
If you live in an apartment, know the ways you can use to get out. Show everyone in the family these routes. Stress the importance of using stairways or fire escapes, not elevators.
From most homes and the lower floors of apartment buildings, escape through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving by a window with the least chance of serious injury.
In a home fire, windows are often the only means of escape. The second floor window sill is usually not more than 13 feet from the ground. An average person, hanging by the fingertips, will have a drop of about six to the ground. Of course, it is after to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building. Rolling away from the building when you land.
Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Often you'll be able to stay in the room for several minutes if you keep the door closed and the windows open. Keep your head low in the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked into the room.
On a second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those which open onto a roof or balcony. From the roof or balcony, a person can either drop to the ground or await rescuer. Dropping onto cement or pavement might end in injury. Bushes, soft earth, and grass can help to break a fall. A rope ladder should be considered when the drop is too great.
In a town where the fire department acts quickly, it may be best to wait for rescuer. Close the doors and wait by an open window for help. Shout for help. Be sure to close the door before opening a window. Otherwise, smoke and fire may be drawn into the room by the draft.
From most homes you can escape a fire through the ______.
A．attic
B．garage
C．windows
D．balcony
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