题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Doctors strongly recommend that fathers should be present at their baby's birth.
A．comment
B．request
C．suggest
D．demand
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Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, "he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, " to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."
第56题：From the first three paragraphs, we learn that
A doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients'pain.
B it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.
C the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.
D patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine (吗啡) to control terminally iii patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death," .
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides (杀人) because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices (临终医院), to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering", to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse". He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear.., that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."
From the first three paragraphs, we learn that______.
A．doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain
B．it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
C．the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
D．patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
M: Arm exercises？ Is that because our arms are too fat？
W: Actually, that's not the main reason. They say that arm exercises are an ideal way to become physically fit.
M：(22)But don't arm exercises raise your blood pressure？
W：That they do. (23)But the article I read mentioned ways to compensate for that.
W：They mentioned quite a few. (25)But sonic of the more popular ones are cycling with special bicycles that make you use both your arms and legs, and walking vigorously while you wear arm weights. And the key words to keep fit are "keep exercising"．
M：I must try that. I like to walk a lot. There is no way to lose weight without exercises, anyway.
(26)
A．They don't get rid of loose arm.
B．They can damage arm muscles.
C．They aren't acceptable to most people.
D．They can raise one's blood pressure.
听力原文： Recently, over 30 million Americans of both sexes and all ages have shown great interest in walking. They have a strong desire to keep fit. By nature, Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about hobbies or pastimes. As a result, there are walkers' clubs to join in and many books and magazines to read about walking.
Walking is probably the most overlooked way to physical fitness. Like other exercises, it can help control weight, strengthen the heart and lungs, ease stress and build up energy. Unlike many exercises, walking is simple, easy and cheap.
Middle-aged men suffer from heart disease, the nation' s number one killer. Thus, they are strongly interested in walking. In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active. It is interesting to note that the rate of heart disease began to decrease between 1992 and 1994 and it is still decreasing.
Remember that it is possible to overdo anything, even walking. Many confused walkers overdo and finally suffer from ankle and foot damage. Be careful not to overexert yourself, especially in hot weather.
(30)
A．Over 30 million men.
B．Over 30 million middle-aged men.
C．Those energetic Americans.
D．Americans of both sexes and all ages.
M: Arm exercises？ Is that because our arms are too fat or flabby？
W: Actually, that's not the main reason. They say that arm exercises are an ideal way to become physically fit.
M: But don't arm exercises raise your blood pressure？
W: That they do. But the article I read mentioned ways to compensate for that.
M: How？
W: By adding leg exercise so the arms don't do all the work. Arm exercises alone aren't enough to increase metabolism before fatigue sets in. The more of a body that involves in the exercise, the better.
W: Sounds right to me.
M: So, what exercises do the experts recommend？
W: They mentioned quite a few. But some of the more popular ones are cycling with special bicycles that make you use both your arms and legs, and walking vigorously while wearing arms weights.
M: I must try that. I like to walk a lot.
(20)
A．They don't get rid of flabby arms.
B．They can damage arm muscles.
C．They aren't acceptable to most people.
D．They can raise one's blood pressure.
听力原文： In recent years, many Americans of both sexes and various ages hove become interested in improving their bodies. They hove become devoted to physical fitness..
Many people hove a strong desire to be more physically fit. By nature, Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about hobbies Or pastimes.
Many of them apply this enthusiasm, optimism, and energy to running. As a result, there are running clubs to join and numerous books and magazines to read about running.
The desire to be physically fit is explained by a "passion" for good health. The high rate of heart attacks in the 1960s caused an increase of interest in improving the human body.
Middleaged men especially suffer from heart attacks. Thus, there is a group which strongly interested in more physical exercises. In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especially those who hove inactive jobs. It is interesting to note that the rate of heart attacks began to decrease between 1972 and 1974 and it is still decreasing. Physical fitness has now become a new "love" of Americans. Will it last long？. Only time will tell or until another "new passion" comes along.
(20)
A．Because of their love for hobbies and pastimes.
B．Because of their enthusiasm for sports.
C．Because of their fear of heart attacks.
D．Because of their strong desire for good health.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency.Its goal is to identify which experiences can influence healthy development in people.Research scientists at the Institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment.They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver.This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people.The American researchers say this ability to earn exists in a baby even before birth.They say newborn babies call recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.A study from the Netherlands found evidence that unborn babies can remember sounds.Dutch researchers studied almost one hundred pregnant women.They played sounds to the growing unborn babies and watched their movements.They found that by thirty weeks of development the unborn babies could remember a sound for ten minutes.By the thirty-fourth week.they could remember the sound for four weeks.
What do the American doctors say about babies？
A．Babies begin to learn at 5 or 6 months old.
B．Babies begin to learn when they're born.
C．Babies don't like to be taught by strangers.
D．Babies always want to learn new things.
M: Arm exercises？ Is that because our anus are too fat or flabby？
W: Actually, that's not the main reason. They say that arm exercises are an ideal way to become physically fit.
M: But don't arm exercises raise your blood pressure？
W: That they do. But tile article I read mentioned ways to compensate for that.
M: How？
W: By adding leg exercises, so the arms don't do all the work. Arm exercises alone aren't enough to increase metabolism before fatigue sets in. The more of the body that's involved in the exercise, the better.
M: And in turn, I'm sure that there's a greater chance of losing weight.
W: Sounds right to me.
M: So what exercises do the experts recommend？
W: They mentioned quite a few but some of the more popular ones are cycling with special bicycles that make you use both your arms and legs, and walking vigorously while you wear arm weights.
M: I must try that, I like to walk a lot.
(23)
A．They don't get rid of flabby arms.
B．They can damage arm muscles.
C．They aren't acceptable to most people.
D．They can raise one's blood pressure.
M: Arm exercises？ Is that because our arms are too fat and flabby？
W: Actually that's not the main reason. They say that arm exercises are an ideal way to become physically fit.
M: But don't arm exercises raise your blood pressure？
W: That they do. But the article I read mentioned ways to overcome that.
M: How？
W: By adding leg exercises, so the arms don't do all the work. The mare of the body that is involved in the exercises, the better.
M: And in mm, I am sure, there's a greater chance of losing weight.
W: Sounds tight to me.
M: So what exercises do the experts mend？
W: They mentioned quite a few. But some of the more popular ones are cycling with special bicycles that make you use both your arms and legs. And walking vigorously while you are moving your arms.
M: I must try that. I'd like to walk a lot.
(20)
A．They can raise one's blood pressure.
B．They are not acceptable to most people.
C．They can cause heart attack.
D．They can damage arm muscles.
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