In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes..

第1题

Text B I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to what is stated or implied in the text. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage？

A、When Tim Cook became angry with investors who questioned the notion of man-made climate change, he really meant putting CSR before profits.

B、Bill Gates’ greatest contribution to the world lies in his insurmountable philanthropy.

C、The good Apple can do is in inverse proportion to the profit it can make.

D、The author is of the opinion that both extremes of the CSR debate are in the wrong direction.

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第2题

听力原文： The United Nations General Assembly has again called for an end to the United St

ates economic embargo against Cuba. But Washington ignored the demand, insisting the sanctions are a bilateral issue.

Cuba's National Assembly president opened the debate at the United Nations by announcing Havana's new legal campaign against the US embargo. Ricardo Allorcon said his country will Erie a US $ 100 billion law suit against Washington. The case seeks compensation for the enormous suffering inflicted by the 37-year-old economic blockade on the Cuban people. After the debate, the UN General Assembly voted 155 to 2 to demand an end to the sanctions for the eighth straight year. Only the US and Israel opposed the resolution. Washington's key allies, Japan, Canada and the European Union supported the calls for the lifting of the blockade. Washington has ignored the non-binding UN resolutions, insisting its embargo is a bilateral trade policy towards Cuba.

In Bogota, Columbia, today, a mass of car bomb, packed with shrapnel, exploded on a busy street. Eight people are dead, forty-five others injured. Police believe that drug lords put the bomb there, angry that the government is sending suspected narcotics traffickers to the United States for trial.

Questions:

6.What is the American government referred to as in the news？

7.How much does Cuba ask for from America as compensation in this law suit？

8.Why does America ignore the UN's resolution？

9.How many people were killed and injured in the car bomb in Bogota, Columbia？

10.What is the suspected reason for the accident according to the police？

(26)

A．U.S. government.

B．Washington.

C．National Assembly.

D．General Assembly.

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第3题

IQ-gene In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit

IQ-gene

In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a "smart gene" you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early — and still score at Princeton—caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. "We have," says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence."

Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6 of the 37

landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form. of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group — 32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form. of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence. Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for "chopsticks fallacy". Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility. But all they've really found is a gene more common m Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups mat emphasize academic achievement." What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity？" asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. "That alone might explain the link to intelligence, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environment." And Neil Risch of Stand ford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and Intelligence. Warns Feinberg, "I would take these findings with a whole box of salt."

In the beginning of paragraph one we are told that scientists can not agree ______.

A．how much of IQ comes from intelligence

B．how many children inherit genes from parents

C．how much of IQ comes from genes

D．how many children learn by experience

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第4题

Despite efforts to provide them with alternatives such as the shelter, women frequently an

d repeatedly returned to violent and abusive partners. By the late 1970s, feminists at Women Together, like those doing similar work throughout the United States, began to understand that battered women experience a range of post-traumatic psychological responses to abuse, similar to those of victims of other types of violence or trauma. Subsequently, the psychological response of battered women became reified as "battered woman syndrome," a sub-category of post-traumatic stress disorder. Interestingly, in the course of trying to create social change, the focus of feminists perceptibly shifted to trying to explain why battered women fail to leave the partners who beat them. In trying to address this question, a debate ensued among feminists and mental health workers as to potential merits and problems of categorizing as mental disorder what many feminists labeled a normal response to fear and an appropriately angry response to abuse. Although many women left abusive relationships or successfully ended violence by other means, some responded to ongoing or accelerated abuse by killing or trying to kill their male partners. In many states, when they went to trial, such women found they were restricted from introducing testimony about the abuse they had endured or their resulting states of mind. In trying to address these women's needs, some activists and scholars advocated the use of expert testimony to explain battered woman syndrome to juries. This strategy would introduce evidence of past abuse and challenge the gender biases of self-defense law by explaining the woman's state of mind at the time of the offense. Feminist legal scholars raised potential problems in the use of battered woman syndrome. They argued that it could be used against women who did not neatly fit pre-established criteria and had the potential to become another example of the tendency to label women's normal angry responses as mental illness. While the desirability of working to admit expert testimony was debated, individual state courts and legislatures varied in their willingness to recognize battered woman syndrome, permit evidence of past abuse, or allow expert testimony. As the legal debate about battered women's responses to violence was beginning to unfold, the Ohio movement became directly involved in it when a former shelter resident, shot and killed her abusive common law husband. In 1978 Women Together, in conjunction with the woman's lawyer, decided to challenge existing law by trying to introduce battered woman syndrome expert testimony at trial.

Because at the time the syndrome had little scientific merit or legal recognition, the trial court declared inadmissibility, a decision upheld by the State Supreme Court (State v. Thomas 1981 66 Ohio St. 2d 51).

Women Together founders left the shelter to establish professional careers, viewing this as a means of advancing the feminist agenda. The frustrations, limitations and defeats they had experienced as outside challengers impelled them to adopt a strategy of infiltration and appropriation of the institutions they sought to change. For example, one founder, who had worked through lobbying for ERA America in addition to her other feminist activism, explained her decision to run for elected office by saying: "[When ERA was defeated] I decided to run for the legislature. I said 'I can do better than these turkeys. '"

Battered woman syndrome is ______.

A．a psychological response.

B．a sub-category of a specific stress disorder.

C．similar to that experienced by a range of victims.

D．all of the above.

E．none of the abov

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第5题

In politics, in the courts, even on the ubiquitous TV talkshow, it is good form. to pick a

n intellectual fight. People attack each other- hurl insults, even- and it counts as logical argument. I cannot understand it.

It seems that our society favours a kind of ritualized aggression. Everywhere you look, in newspapers and on television, issues are presented using the terminology of war and conflict. We hear of battles, duels and disputes. We see things in terms of winners and losers, victors and victims.

The problem is society's unquestioning belief in the advantages of the debate as a way of solving disagreements, even proving right from wrong. Our brainwashing begins early at school, when the brightest pupils are co-opted onto the debating system. They get there because they can think up a good argument to support their case. Once on the debate team, they learn that they earn bonus points for the skill with which they verbally attack, or insult, the opposing team. They win if they can successfully convince the audience that they are right, even if the case they are arguing is clearly nonsensual. They do this by proving themselves to be stronger, brighter, more outrageous, even.

The training in this adversarial approach continues at our tertiary institutions. The standard way to present an academic paper, for instance, is to take up an opposing argument to something expressed by another academic. The paper must set out to prove the other person wrong. This is not at all the same thing as reading the original paper with an open mind and discovering that you disagree with it.

The reverence for the adversarial approach spills over into all areas of life. Instead of answering their critics, politicians learn to sidestep negative comments and turn the point around to an attack on accusers. Defense lawyers argue the case for their clients even when they suspect they may be guilty. And ordinary people use the same tactics—just listen to your teenager next time you pull him up for coming home late. You can be sure a stream of abuse will flow about your own time—keeping, your irritating habits, your history of bad parenting.

Unfortunately, the smarter your kid, the better his or her argument against you will be. You'll be upset, but you'll comfort yourself that those teenage monsters of yours will one day turn into mature, though adults who can look after themselves—by which you mean, of course, they will be able to argue their way out of sticky situations.

It's not that you should never use angry words, or take up a position in opposition to someone or something. There are certainly times when one should take a stand, and in such cases strong words are quite appropriate: if you witness injustice, for instance, or feel passionately about another's folly. Mockery—so cruel when practised on the innocent—can be very useful in such situations. There is no better way to bring down a tyrant than to mock him mercilessly.

What I dislike is the automatic assumption most people have when it comes to disagreements: they should attack, abuse, preferably overpower their opponent, at whatever the cost. The approach is so ingrained that "compromise" has become a dirty word. We feel guilty if we are conciliatory rather than confrontational. We have trained ourselves, or been brainwashed into believing, that to be pleasant is a sign of weakness.

But just think how easy it can be to persuade a "difficult" person to be considerate of you or your wished when you are pleasant to them, and unthreatening. Give them a way out of a potentially aggressive situation without losing face, and they will oblige you willingly.

Discuss a subject without taking an adversarial position and you will find the other person happy to explore the possibilities with you. I'm prepared to bet on it. You'll get closer to the truth of the matter than you would by going to each other hammer an

A．descriptive

B．narrative

C．expositive

D．argumentative

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第6题

—How was the televised debate last night？ —Super! Rarely______so much attention.A．a debate

—How was the televised debate last night？ —Super! Rarely______so much attention.

A．a debate attracted

B．did a debate attract

C．a debate attract

D．attracted a debate