Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess....

第1题

阅读：Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries　to trap his opponent's

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries　to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent(透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Although this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.

The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.

31.Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____.

A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are known

B) perfect solutions to a problem can be found

C) any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible results

D) both A and C

32.The final goal of designing a lens is ____.

A) to trap the opponent's lenses

B) to focus light with lenses

C) to hand make lenses at low cost

D) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces

33.After the passage the author will talk about ____.

A) the principles of designing lenses

B) techniques of making contact lenses

C) the design of photographic lenses

D) styles of lenses

34.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe today's lenses？

A) More delicate. B) Cheaper. C) Numerous. D) Unpopular.

35.Lens designers today ____.

A) have a large source of help to fall back on B) receive a low salary

C) are less respectable than those of the past D) are not decisive in the lens design

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第2题

Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opp

onent' s king in' a series of moves. On creating a lens, lens designers attempts to "trap" light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to converge on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as in chess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. The same principles apply to all lenses.

The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player. The designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the countless number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory, chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the designer' s job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass-produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today' s lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past. Moreover, their price may be lower, in spite of the fact that the 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today' s lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.

In what way does lens design resemble chess？

A．In the number of steps each takes towards the goal.

B．In the designs of the two activities.

C．The steps to the goals and the goal itself are known.

D．Each has a doer and a competitor.

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第3题

The final goal of designing a lens is______.A．to trap the opponent's lensesB．to focus ligh

The final goal of designing a lens is______.

A．to trap the opponent's lenses

B．to focus light with lenses

C．to hand-make lenses at low cost

D．to reflect light by means of curved surfaces

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第4题

The final goal of designing a lens is ____

A) to trap the opponent's lenses

B) to focus light with lenses

C) to handmake lenses at low cost

D) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces

本题为单选题，请给出正确答案及解析，谢谢！

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第5题

We can never d_________ destroy environment when designing landscape architecture.

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第6题

A camera lens is preferable to a pinhole because it can ______ .A．offer a choice of planes

A camera lens is preferable to a pinhole because it can ______ .

A．offer a choice of planes of focus

B．gather more light rays

C．control the size of the image formed on the film

D．gather more light rays and bring them to a focus at a given plane

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第7题

We can make products according to the ______ designs and produce the ______ goods in large quantitie

s．

A．given, designed B．giving, designing

C．given, designing D．giving, designed

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第8题

What will be the result of designing the body of SAX-40 as tailless and triangular？A．This

What will be the result of designing the body of SAX-40 as tailless and triangular？

A．This shape can make the airplane fly faster.

B．This shape can hold more passengers.

C．This shape can supply more power raising.

D．This shape can be flied easily.

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第9题

In lens design,______.A．it is completely impossible to preset the best steps along the way

In lens design,______.

A．it is completely impossible to preset the best steps along the way

B．it is always very hard to solve any problems

C．one can work out a best solution to problems in each step

D．there are countless steps towards the final goal

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第10题

Reduce the informality of this sentence, and re-write the new sentence in the box. Q3: You can see the difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway stations clearly

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