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[主观题]

Few observers have a better view of that ocean of exchanging gossip called E-mail than Mar

k Sunner. The chief technology officer of E-mail management company MessageLabs, Sunner oversees a network that processes 4.5 million letters each day. Servers operated and maintained by MessageLabs manage mail delivery and routing for a number of companies, including Bank of England and Condé Nast Publications. In fact, all of MessageLabs’ customers are corporations whose daily E-mail output and inflow has soared with the growth of the Web. “E-mail usage has increased massively in the last couple of years,” he says. Indeed, MessageLabs estimates that it has gone from 10 a day per employee as recently as two years ago to more like 20 or 30 now.

The implications for Corporate America are equally huge. According to E-mail researcher and consultant David Ferris, companies can expect the volume of E-mail coursing through their servers to grow 60% to 80% in 2002. And as individual messages grow in size - they’re now more likely to contain memory - companies could end up paying 100% to 150% more just this year on systems to store and manage those messages. That’s why tech consultancy Radicati Group expects demand for soft ware that manages E-mail, such as Microsoft Outlook and Lotus Notes, to grow from $2.6 billion in sales today to $4.4 billion by 2005. Too much of this money will be spent in controlling pure junk. About 20% of the E-mail MessageLabs manages is unwanted, according to Sunner - who adds that about 1.25% of all the E-mail his company moves contains useless attachments. Already, the cost of handling spam(垃圾邮件)is estimated at $8.6 billion worldwide, according to a 2001 European Union study. And the barrage of pornographic spam has made some companies worried that employees might sue on grounds of disturbance arising from exposure to unwanted unpleasantness.

The first sentence of this passage “Few observers have a better view of that ocean of exchanging gossip called E-mail than Mark Sunner” most probably means ____.

A.Mark Sunner clearly know the E-mail is wasting resources

B.no one knows the fact that E-mail is gossip exchanging way but Mark Sunner

C.Mark Sunner does not know anything about the E-mail

D.the Mark Sunner always concentrated on the ocean of the junk E-mail

Which of the following is NOT true about MessageLabs?A.It is an E-mail management company.

B.All of MessageLabs’ customers are corporations.

C.Mark Sunner is the chief technology officer of MessageLabs.

D.The company puts the great emphasis on dealing with the junk E-mail.

The word “that” in the last sentence of the third paragraph most possibly means ____.A.it is expected that Microsoft Outlook and Lotus Notes grow from $2.6 billion in sales today to $4.4 billion by 2005

B.the junk E-mail has been overloaded in the Internet

C.the increase of individual messages needs more staff

D.the company has paid 100% to 150% for individual message storage

What is the best title for the passage?A.The E-mail Monster.

B.MessageLabs Business Introduction.

C.To Avoid E-mail Surge.

D.E-mail Destroys Everything.

The following statements about the E-mail have been mentioned EXCEPT ____.A.Sunner oversees a network that processes 4.5 million letters each day

B.according to David Ferris, companies can expect the volume of E-mail passing through their servers to grow not more than 50% in 2002

C.too much money has been spent in controlling the junk E-mail

D.some employees might take legal action in accordance with annoyance arising from exposure to some unpleasant resources

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提问人:网友lxl_018 发布时间:2022-01-07
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更多“Few observers have a better vi…”相关的问题
第1题
European countries are buffeted by two global forces: One is climate change. The other is
demography. Both prevalent pressures silently transform. societies and the assumptions of public policy.

The two have a lot in common. Both are easily recognized but less easily understood. Both are products of complex forces and unobtrusive influences. Both create huge effects from minuscule changes. A rise in global temperature by one degree or a fall in fertility by one point may sound trivial but, over 100 years, will make the earth unbearably hot, or reshape the size and composition of societies.

Yet though every rich country has a climate-change policy, few have a population one (there are historical reasons for that). And just as everyone whinges about the weather, but does nothing about it, so everyone in Europe complains, but does nothing, about population.

Received opinion holds that "demography is destiny" and that Europe is doomed by its death-spiral population numbers. American observers argue that Europe is fast becoming a barren, ageing, enfeebled place. Vast numbers of old people, they reckon, will be looked after, or neglected, by too few economically active adults, supplemented by restless crowds of migrants. The combination of low fertility, longer life and mass immigration will put intolerable pressure on public health, pensions and social services, probably leading to upheaval.

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第2题
Upwards of a billion stars in our galaxy have burnt up their internal energy sources, and
so can no longer produce the heat a star needs to oppose the inward force of gravity. These stars, Of more than a few solar masses, evolve, in general, much more rapidly than does a star like the Sun. Moreover, it is just these more massive stars whose collapse does not halt at intermediate stages (that is, as white dwarfs of neutron stars), Instead, the collapse continues until a singularity (an infinitely dense concentration of matter) is reached.

It would be wonderful to observe a singularity and obtain direct evidence of the undoubtedly bizarre phenomena that occur near one. Unfortunately in most cases a distant observer cannot see the singularity: outgoing light rays are dragged back by gravity so forcefully that even if they could start out within a few kilometers of the singularity, they would end up in the singularity itself.

The author's primary purpose in the passage is to ______.

A.describe the formation and nature of singularities

B.explain why large numbers of stars become singularities

C.compare the characteristics of singularities with those of stars

D.imply that singularities could be more easily studied if observers could get closer to them

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第3题
Scientific knowledge is based on verifiable evidence. By evidence we mean concrete factual
observations which other observers can see, weigh, measure, count, or check for accuracy. We may think the definition too obvious to mention; most of us have some awareness of the scientific method. Yet only a few centuries ago medieval scholars held long debates on how many teeth a horse had, without bothering to look into a horse's mouth to count them.

At this point we raise the troublesome methodological question, "What is a fact?" While the word looks deceptively simple, it is not easy to distinguish a fact from a widely shared illusion. Suppose we define a fact as a descriptive Statement upon which all qualified observers are in agreement. By this definition, medieval ghosts were a fact, since all medieval observers agreed that ghosts were real. There is, therefore, no way to be sure that a fact is an accurate description and not a mistaken impression. Research would be easier if facts were dependable, unshakable certainties. Since they are not, the best we can do is to recognize that a fact is a descriptive statement of reality which scientists, after careful examination and cross-checking, agree in believing to be accurate.

Since science is based on verifiable evidence, science can deal only with questions about which verifiable evidence can be found. Questions like "Is there a God?" "What is the purpose and destiny of man?" or "What makes a thing beautiful?" are not scientific questions because they can not be treated factually. Such questions may be terribly important, but the scientific method has not tools for handling them. Scientists can study human beliefs about God, or man's destiny, or beauty, or anything else, and they may study the personal and social consequences of such beliefs; but these are studies of human behavior, with no attempt to settle the truth or error of the beliefs themselves.

Science then does not have answers for everything, and many important questions are not scientific questions. The scientific method is our most reliable source of factual knowledge about human behavior. and the natural universe, but science with its dependence upon verifiable factual evidence cannot answer questions about value, or esthetics, or purpose and ultimate meaning, or supernatural phenomena. Answers to such questions must be sought in philosophy, metaphysics, or religion.

Each scientific conclusion represents the most reasonable interpretation of all the available evidence—but new evidence may appear tomorrow. Therefore science has no absolute truths. An absolute truth is one which will hold true for all times, places, or circumstances. All scientific truth is tentative, subject to revision in the light of new evidence. Some scientific conclusions (e.g., that the earth is a spheroid; or that innate drives are culturally conditioned) are based upon such a large and consistent body of evidence that scientists doubt that they will ever be overturned by new evidence. Yet the scientific method requires that all conclusions be open to reexamination whenever new evidence is found to challenge them.

The central idea of the passage is

A.scientific knowledge is based on verifiable evidence.

B.science does not have answers for verifiable evidence.

C.science has no absolute truths.

D.the scientific method requires that all conclusions be open to reexamination whenever new evidence is found to challenge them.

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第4题
In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of anim
al social behavior. Earlier scientists had【21】that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that【22】variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that [earning is a part of social life. That is, the【23】are not solely fixed by the genes.【24】, the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly【25】instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans, it is something in between the two. An illustration best【26】the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that. shortly【27】they hatch, ducklings fix【28】any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are【29】 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably【30】, even ones that have a considerable base【31】by genetics.

Even among the social insects something like imprinting【32】influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely【33】instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally【34】very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant. upside down or【35】fail to nurture the young.

(21)

A.assumed

B.adopted

C.believed

D.surmised

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第5题
Text 3Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault, which constantly threatens California a

Text 3

Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault, which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earth- quakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri.'?

Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe.

Buildings in the area were almost dest oyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur to filter upward.

The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earth- quakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington D.C. Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches forward.

The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now', the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.

Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but rite scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.

31. This passage is mainly about ______.

A) the New Madrid fault in Missouri

B) the San Andreas and the New Madrid faults

C) the causes of faults

D) current scientific knowledge about faults

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第6题
Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California

Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?

Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed.

Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur (硫磺) to filter upward.

The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington, D.C.

Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches (倾斜) forward.

The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; a some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger (触发) earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.

Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.

This passage is mainly about_____.

A.the New Madrid fault in Missouri

B.the San Andreas and the New Madrid faults

C.the causes of faults

D.current scientific knowledge about faults

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第7题
The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striki
ng appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains: the maria (dark lowlands) and the terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this supposition was con firmed by missions to the Moon such as Surveyor and Apollo. One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters; the highlands are completely covered by large craters (greater than 4050km in diameter), while the craters of the maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the Moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.

Most of the near side of the Moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth-based telescopes can resolve objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the Moon is covered by a surface layer, or regolith , that overlies the solid rock of the Moon. Telescopic images permitted the cataloging of a bewildering array of land forms. Craters were studied for clues to their origin; the large circular maria were mapper. Wispy marks on the surface (known as rays) emanating from certain craters were seen. Strange, sinuous features were observed in the maria. Although various land forms were catalogued, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.

Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters with diameters of less than lO-15km have relatively simple shapes. They have rim crests that are elevated above tile surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl-shaped interiors, and depths that are about one-fifth to one-sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A.What astronomers learned from the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.

B.Characteristics of the major terrains of the Moon

C.The origin of the Moon's craters.

D.Techniques used to catalogue the Moon's land forms.

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第8题
Text 2 It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his pater
nal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.

Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .

Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.

But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.

[A]easy availability

[B]flexibility in pricing

[C] successful promotion

[D] popularity with households

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第9题
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fath

It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom— or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore—and another $120 to get the results.

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $ 2,500.

Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots.

Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.

But some observers are skeptical. "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person's test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

In Paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's ______.

A.easy availability

B.flexibility in pricing

C.successful promotion

D.popularity with households

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第10题
Questions 25 to 30 are based on the following passage. The case for college has been
accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.

But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.

Some observers say the fault! Is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.

Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.

第5题:According to the passage, the author believes that ________.

A) people used to question the value of college education

B) people used to have full confidence in higher education

C) all high school graduates went to college

D) very few high school graduates chose to go to college

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