The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.

independent organizations offering similar activities.

Students can participate (take part) in outdoor training courses through university clubs and societies.

Anyone can register (登记) with such groups, which then organize courses, training and trips for all

members.

One of the most popular outdoor training programmes in both the US and Britain, is Outward Bound

(户外训练). It was founded in 1941 in Wales and attracts hundreds of thousands of adventurous types

every year.

The courses are to broaden minds through experiences that build confidence, self-esteem (自尊) and

character. As well as specialist courses such as canoeing, leadership skills and sailing, participants can take

part in week long adventure training camps which include a host of sports and survival training education

skills.

Michael Williams, an American student, took part in an Outward Bound course last year. He said:"We

learned lots of first aid skills, lots of natural history, lots of environmental facts, and participated in a wildlife

preservation (protecting) programme. Beyond that, my favorite skills learned were sailing and rock climbing."

Courses can last up to 40 days and are open to anyone over the age of 14. Students must be in general

good health, but do not need to be experienced in outdoor-sports. There is no selection process; everyone is

welcome, although new participants are advised to pick a course matching their physical power.

Most of the British courses take place in the Beacons in Wales. Another similar organization is the UK

Survival School, which includes courses on learning to live with the environment, sailing and winter survival.

On a basic survival weekend students will learn how to get water and food, how to make fire and cook with

it, to find and build a shelter, control survival life support, how to cross rivers, send off an SOS signal, and

to use compasses by day and night.

According to the leaders, such adventures are "an awakening, an exploration into unknown." Outward

Bound believes that participants will "use mind and body traveling some of the earth's roughest wildness

areas."

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B. participants can visit some places of interest

C. participants can experience different adventures

D. participants can learn how wonderful nature is

[    ]

B. collecting facts of environment

C. preserving wildlife

D. rock climbing and sailing

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B. To persuade readers to take part in the training courses.

C. To tell readers the danger of this training course.

D. To introduce the wonders of the world to readers.