"Sleeping and waking" is said to be an example of a _______ schema.
A.containment
B.cycle
C.force
D.center-periphery
A.containment
B.cycle
C.force
D.center-periphery
A.Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couple"s marriage.
B.The sleeping and waking cycles of individuals tend to vary from season to season.
C.The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with colleagues at work.
D.People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by adopting a different sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.
E.According to a recent study, most people"s sleeping and waking cycles can be controlled and modified easily.
B. The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.
C. Sleeping pattems must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.
D. The sleeping pattem of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.
A.mother
B.wife
C.sister
D.daughter
What is the subject of the passage?
A.Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center.
B.Nancy Jeschke"s sleeping problems.
C.Treating the sleeping problems.
D.The relationship between noise and insomnia.
根据下面内容,回答题:
Imagine going to sleep in October and waking up in May! Well, marmots and ground squirrels stay warm by sleeping all winter. All this time, they do not wake up once. This special kind of sleep is called hibernation. During this sleep, the heart slows down, and the animal breathes more slowly, it doesn"t move around, so it uses less energy.
Animals like the marmot and the ground squirrel inhabit the coldest parts of the world. They need special talents to survive in these frigid places. Their furry coats keep them snug when the temperature falls below zero. It often gets this cold in the Arctic, a land that is just below the North Pole.
Before the long winter, some animals eat and eat. After a while, they grow very fat. When the winter comes, they live on the fat saved up in their bodies. Layers of fat keep an animal warm.
Arctic animals also have other ways to beat the cold. Rabbits in the Arctic, for example, have very small ears. Small ears keep heat in, while big ears let it out. Small things usually keep heat in.
Have you ever slept in a room that is very small, and noticed how hot it can get?
It rarely gets warm in the Arctic. But although summer seasons there are very short, the sun shines brightly. Plants seem to spring up before your eyes! Animals such as caribou look forward all year to summer, when they can eat fresh grass again. Every minute of sunshine is important to their lives.
A good title for this passage would be_________. 查看材料
A.the Arctic Summer
B.Marmots and Squirrels
C.Keeping Warm in the Arctic
D.Freezing Temperatures
B.It is thought that the lack of sleep affects appetite.
C.In the past, sleep was often ignored by doctors and surrounded by myths.
D.Exposure to light during early waking hours helps to set your body clock.
E.Short-time sleep also improves memory, learning ability and mood.
F.Light exposure reduces the level of melatonin.
_____.A.Higher blood pressure increases your risk for heart attacks.
B.It is thought that the lack of sleep affects appetite.
C.In the past, sleep was often ignored by doctors and surrounded by myths.
D.Exposure to light during early waking hours helps to set your body clock.
E.Short-time sleep also improves memory, learning ability and mood.
F.Light exposure reduces the level of melatonin.
_____.A.Higher blood pressure increases your risk for heart attacks.
B.It is thought that the lack of sleep affects appetite.
C.In the past, sleep was often ignored by doctors and surrounded by myths.
D.Exposure to light during early waking hours helps to set your body clock.
E.Short-time sleep also improves memory, learning ability and mood.
F.Light exposure reduces the level of melatonin.
_____.A.Higher blood pressure increases your risk for heart attacks.
B.It is thought that the lack of sleep affects appetite.
C.In the past, sleep was often ignored by doctors and surrounded by myths.
D.Exposure to light during early waking hours helps to set your body clock.
E.Short-time sleep also improves memory, learning ability and mood.
F.Light exposure reduces the level of melatonin.
_____.A.Higher blood pressure increases your risk for heart attacks.
B.It is thought that the lack of sleep affects appetite.
C.In the past, sleep was often ignored by doctors and surrounded by myths.
D.Exposure to light during early waking hours helps to set your body clock.
E.Short-time sleep also improves memory, learning ability and mood.
F.Light exposure reduces the level of melatonin.
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
You might be forgiven for thinking that sleep researchers are a dozy bunch. Most of the other things people do regularly—eat, excrete, copulate and so on—are biologically fairly straightforward: there is little mystery about how or why they are done. Sleep, on the other hand, which takes up more of most people's time than all of the above, and which attracts plenty of study, is still fundamentally a mystery.
The one view shared by all is that sleep matters. For evidence, look no further than the experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago in the 1980s. They kept experimental rats awake around the clock in an environment where control rats were allowed as much sleep as they wanted. The sleep-deprived rats all died within a month.
Carol Everson worked with the Chicago team as a graduate student and now has a job at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. While repeating the Chicago experiments she was struck by the fact that, although the sleep-deprived rats showed no obvious symptoms of particular diseases—and no such signs were picked up in post-mortems—their emaciation and generally sorry state was reminiscent of that which befalls many terminal cancer patients and AIDS patients, whose immune systems have packed up. While Dr. Everson does not claim to have hard and fast proof that sleep is needed for resistance to infection, her work does point that way—as does the re search of others around the world.
Another approach is to look for chemicals that cause sleep; from these, you should be able to start telling a biological story which will eventually reveal the function of sleep. Peter Shiromani of Harvard Medical School has found a protein that builds up at high levels in chronically sleep-deprived cats, but disappears within an hour if the animals are allowed 45 minutes of recovery sleep. Researchers at the University of Veron have found something similar. But no one chemical tells the whole story.
So new ways of inducing sleep may soon be available; an understanding of its purpose, though, remains elusive. In this, sleep is like the other great biological commonplace that is still mysterious: consciousness, which is also easily altered chemically but not too well under stood. No one knows how Consciousness arises, or what, if anything, it is for(though there are a lot of theories). Almost the only thing that can be said about it for certain is that you lose it when you fall asleep. Solving the mystery of sleeping and waking might require new insights into the consciousness that is lost and regained in the process. Putting it this way makes the problem sound rather grander, and the lack of progress so far look a bit less dozy.
Why does the writer say "You might be forgiven for thinking that..."?
A.Solving the mystery of sleeping and waking requires new insights.
B.Most of the other things people do regularly are biologically straightforward.
C.The problem sounds rather grand.
D.We still lack for progress though we've spent much more time studying it.
It's not a lost Gothic chiller from Edgar Allen Poe but a very real, and very rare, disease called "fatal insomnia." We might have never heard of it without the medical detective work of an Italian family, which, it turns out, was stalked for centuries by a terrifying fate.
As clinical tapes show, insomnia has become an all-too waking reality for this family. But as difficult as their experience has been, it has pushed the outer boundaries of what we know about sleep and expanded our understanding of human disease itself. This family's illness might lead to breakthroughs in curing diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Dr. Ignazio Roiter: "The first person to fall ill was my wife's aunt. They said she was de- pressed." Dr. Ignazio Roiter is a country doctor. His wife, Elisabetta, is a descendant of a prominent Italian family with roots in Venice since the 1600s. Roiter's medical training hadn't prepared him for the sad and puzzling ailment that was suddenly overtaking Elizabetta's aunt, a woman in her 40s. Dr. Roiter: "She appeared to be sleeping all the time, but then she claimed she had insomnia. The doctors were confused."
Sleeping pills were useless. The two could only watch in horror as the aunt's health deteriorated. After a few months she could no longer walk, even speaking was an effort. Dr. Roiter: "The disease progresses very rapidly. Death comes suddenly." The aunt was dead one year after the onset of her mysterious sleepless condition. Then a year later, in 1979, it struck again. A second aunt became suddenly sleepless.
According to the passage, fatal insomnia _________.
A.develops very rapidly.
B.is a disease found in Italy.
C.is a family disease.
D.is an incurable disease.
Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, "Thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can't sleep. Like advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue.
Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr. H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts it may safely be stated also. It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span is to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van of this advance.
The author seems to indicate that ______.
A.there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleep
B.among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial
C.people are now moving towards solving many controversial issues
D.the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors
The (6)_____ of an internal "body clock" should not be too surprising, (7)_____ the lives of most living things are dominated by the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. The most obvious (8)_____ of this cycle is the (9)_____ we feel tired and fall asleep at night and become awake and (10)_____ during the day. (11)_____ the 24-hour rhythm is interrupted, most people experience unpleasant side effects.
(12)_____, international aeroplane travelers often experience "jet lag" when traveling across time (13)_____. People who are not used to (14)_____ work can find that lack of sleep affects their work performance.
(15)_____ the daily rhythm of sleeping and waking, we also have other rhythms which (16)_____.longer than one day and which influence wide areas of our lives. Most of us would agree that we feel good on (17)_____ days and net so good on others. Sometimes we are (18)_____ fingers and thumbs but on other days we have excellent coordination. There are times when we appear to be accident-prone, or when our temper seems to be on a short fuse. Isn't it also strange (19)_____ ideas seem to flow on some days but at other times are (20)_____ nonexistent? Musicians, painters and writers often talk about "dry spells".
A.built
B.shaped
C.molded
D.grown
为了保护您的账号安全,请在“简答题”公众号进行验证,点击“官网服务”-“账号验证”后输入验证码“”完成验证,验证成功后方可继续查看答案!