What is the first problem？______.

round full of wonderful climbing and sliding contraptions. There's just one irritating detail: when you pay your money, the cashier pulls out a felt-trip marker and an adhesive label tag and asks you your name.

"Frum, I say. "No, your first name." "What do you need my first name for？" To write on the tag, so all the children and the staff will know what to call you. "In that case, write ' Mr. Frum.'"

At which I am shot a look as if I had asked to be called to Duke of Plaza Toro.

In encouraging five-year-olds to address grownups by their first names, PlaySpace is only slightly ahead of the times. As a journalist, I faithfully report that the custom of addressing strangers formally is as dead as the practice of leaving a visiting card. There's hardly a secretary left who does not reply, when I give a message fro her boss, "I'll tell him you called, David." Or a public relations agent, whether in Bangor or Bangkok, who does not begin his telephonic spiel (长篇大论) with a cheerful "Hello, David !"

You don't have to be a journalist to collect amazing first-name stories. Place a collect call, and the operator first-names you. The teenager behind the counter at a fast food restaurant asks a 70-year-old customer for his first name before taking his order.

Habitual first-names claim they are motivated by nothing worse than uncontrollably high-spirited friendliness. I don't believe it. If I asked the fast-food order-takers to lend me ＄ 50, their friendliness would vanish in a whoosh. The PR man drops all his cheerfulness the moment he hears I won't go along with his story idea. No, it's not friendliness that drives first-namers; it's aggression. The PR agents who call me David uninvited would never, if they could somehow get him on the phone, address press baron Rupert Murdoch that way. The woman at the bank who called me David would never first-name the bank's chairman. Like the mock-cheery staff at PlaySpace, they are engaged in a smile-faced act of belittlement, an assertion of power disguised as good cheer.

"PR" in paragraph 6 stands for ______.

A．personal request

B．personal respect

C．public relations

D．public review

SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN)

Recently, China has seen a boom in selling private cars. The private car has greatly improved individual’s freedom of movement. Moreover, they have become a symbol of status. However, the use of private cars has brought serious problems like air pollution and road accidents.

Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

HOW CAN THE USE OF PRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLES BE REDUCED？

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part state the necessity of reducing the use of private motor vehicles.

In the second part, state what your suggested ways are.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

听力原文： Zoe Chambers was a successful PR (Public Relations) consultant and life was going well — she had a great job, a beautiful flat and a busy social life in London. Then one evening in June last year, she received a text message telling her she was out of work. "The first two weeks were the most difficult to live through," she said. "After everything I'd done for the company, they dismissed me by text! I was so angry and I just didn't feel like looking for another job. I hated everything about the city and my life."

Then, Zoe received an invitation from an old school friend, Kathy, to come and stay. Kathy and her husband, Huw, had just bought a farm in northwest Wales. Zoe jumped at the chance to spend a weekend away from London, and now, ten months later, she is still on the farm.

"The moment I arrived at Kathy's farm, I loved it and I knew I wanted to stay," said Zoe.

"Everything about my past life suddenly seemed meaningless."

Zoe has been working on the farm since October of last year and says she has no regrets. "It's a hard life, physically very tiring," she says. "In London I was stressed and often mentally exhausted. But this is a good, healthy tiredness. Here, all I need to put me in a good mood is a hot bath and one of Kathy's wonderful dinners."

Zoe says she has never felt bored on the farm. Every day brings a new experience. Kathy has been teaching her how to ride a horse and she has learnt to drive a tractor. Since Christmas, she has been helping with the lambing — watching a lamb being born is unbelievable. She says, "It's one of the most moving experiences I've ever had. I could never go back to city life now."

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. How did Zoe find her life in London when working as a PR consultant？

27. What is the most important reason Zoe went to visit Kathy's farm？

28. How does Zoe feel about the country life according to the passage？

29. What is the main idea of the passage？

(33)

A．Satisfying.

B．Tough.

C．Meaningless.

D．Boring.

SECTION B INTERVIEW

Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

听力原文： Interview with PAUL RAY:

AD: How did you discover the Cultural Creatives？

PR: When in 1986 I co-founded American LIVES, I was less interested in traditional market research and more in how America was changing. One of the first things we discovered in our research was that a clear cultural change was happening: not just change in one area of people's lives, but in many areas, from environmental issues to consumption patterns, from media preferences to the purchase of food products. We also discovered that the people who were changing were a definite subculture and part of a longer-term pattern. Although most Cultural Creatives in our surveys thought they were alone or part of a very small group, it turned out that they represented a sizable and fast-growing portion of the American population, now reaching over 50 million.

AD: How do you explain this impression of Cultural Creatives that they are not part of a larger group？

PR: Cultures are generally self-maintaining, and the Cultural Creatives differ from the official culture of the U.S.: i. e., the modem culture, which is a culture of getting and spending, a culture of materialism, a culture of big government, big corporations, and big media. That official culture is adhered to by just under half of Americans. The other half of Americans doesn't believe in it at all. Mainstream media usually describe Cultural Creatives as isolated individuals often labeled as tree huggers, protesters, New Agers, etc. When Cultural Creatives follow the news media, they see they are hardly mentioned, and therefore come to the false conclusion that they are only part of a very small group. Another reason why Cultural Creatives believe they are alone is that when you go to the workplace, you are supposed to check your values at the door. Cultural Creatives in the average workplace don't express themselves as such. A third reason is that in the process of becoming a Cultural Creative, one frequently has to shed old friendships, old marriages, old careers, because their views were changing in ways others weren't. This is a very individualized process, the benefit of which is that it really lets you change. The cost is that you believe you are unique and the only one going through this process.

AD: You indicate that there are 50 million Cultural Creatives in the U.S. and 80 million in Europe. What are the reasons for their rise？

PR: In part this is because our planet is in deep trouble. There is a daily drumbeat that we are moving into a crisis period for humanity. People who are good at synthesis, like most Cultural Creatives, see that if we continue our way of life we will be in deep trouble. At the same time there are personal changes happening at a psychological and spiritual level. Today, for the first time in human history, people who are interested in an inner life have access to every esoteric tradition in the world. Access to information about personal growth is enormous. Access to information about what is going on around the planet is never ending~ In short, better information, large crises at the social level, and miniature crises at the individual level all contribute to more and more people being exposed to the opportunity to deal with personal change.

AD: Why are there so many women among Cultural Creatives？

PR: Women as both wage earners and homemakers feel the contradictions more in our society. They feel more subtle, institutional discrimination. If a society inherits disfunctional institutions then it is often the people with intelligence, skills, and an alternative perspective who are going to come up with be

A．people's lives

B．environmental issues

C．consumption patterns

D．media advertisements

A./pr/

B./pl/

C./kl/

D./bl/

According to the passage, Elias Howe was______.

A．the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleep

B．much more hard-working than other inventors

C．the first person to design a sewing machine that really worked

D．the only person at the time who knew the value of dreams

What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN？

A．The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies.

B．People involved in PR should avoid using the word "foreign".

C．American PR companies should be more internationally minded.

D．People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.

What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN？

A．American PR companies should be more internationally minded.

B．The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies.

C．People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.

D．People involved in PR should avoid using the word "foreign".

What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN？

A) American PR companies should be more internationally-minded.

B) The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies.

C) People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.

D) People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign”.

听力原文： A British study of how diet affects the health of new mothers and their babies produced the surprise finding that vegetarian women are more likely to have girls, one of the report's authors said yesterday.

In what is thought to be the first study of its kind, researchers at Nottingham University in central England found significant differences in the sex of babies born to vegetarian and meat and fish-eating women. They were examining the health conditions in vegetarian and non-vegetarian mothers, looking at things like hemoglobin levels, which show how much iron the mother has in her blood, and birth weights.

Altogether 5,942 pregnant women were involved in the study when they were booked in Nottingham's City Hospital during 2001. According to the researchers, vegetarian mothers were defined as pregnant women who avoided meat and fish. Nearly five percent were vegetarian among them, a total of more than 250 women.

The birth ratio in Britain is that for every 106 boys born there are 100 girls, that's pretty constant. In their sample group of vegetarians there were 81.5 boys born for every 100 girls.

To further test their surprise findings, they increased the sample number to what scientists called a "statistically significant" level. The study was extended for a further six months so that the sex of more babies could be looked at. The results, covering around 150 more vegetarian women, were" just about exactly the same".

The study also found that vegetarian mothers were less likely to smoke during pregnancy -- 10 percent did so, compared with 20 percent of meat-eaters.

(36)

A．Vegetarian women are more likely to have girls.

B．Non-vegetarian women are more likely to have girls.

C．Vegetarian women are more likely to have boys.

D．Vegetarian women are more likely to smoke during pregnancy.