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The chimpanzee has helped people understand that there is no sharp line 10)___
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发布时间：2022-01-06
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第2题
The amazing success of man as a（1)_____ is the result of the evolutionary development of o
The amazing success of man as a(1)_____ is the result of the evolutionary development of our brains which has(2)_____, among other things, to tool-using, tool-making, the ability to solve problems by logical(3)______, thoughtful cooperation, and language. One of the most striking ways(4)_____ chimpanzees biologically resemble humans(5)_____ the structure of their brains. The chimpanzee, with his(6)_____ for primitive reasoning, exhibits a type of intelligence more like(7)_____ of humans than does any other(8)_____ living today. The brain of the modern chimpanzee is(9)_____ not too dissimilar to the brain that so many millions of years ago directed the(10)_____ of the first ape man. For a long time, the fact that(11)_____ man made tools was considered to be one of the major criteria to(12)_____ them from other creatures. It is true that the chimpanzee does not fashion his (13)_____ to a regular and set pattern—but then, primitive man,(14)_____ development of stone tools, undoubtedly poked around with sticks and straws, at which(15)_____ it seems unlikely that he made tools to a set pattern(16)_____. It is because of the close(17)_____ in most peoples minds of tools with man(18)_____ special attention has always been(19)_____ upon any animal able to use an object(20)_____ a tool; but it is important to realize that this ability, on its own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerned.
(1)
A．kind
B．series
C．species
D．tribe
第3题
Karl Von Linne （or Linnaeus, as he is widely known) was a Swedish biologist who devised th
Karl Von Linne (or Linnaeus, as he is widely known) was a Swedish biologist who devised the system of Latinised scientific names for living things that biologists use to this day. When he came to (1)_____ people into his system, he put them into a group called Homo—and Linne's hairless fellow humans are still known biologically as Homo sapiens. (2)_____ the group originally had a second member, Homo troglodytes. It lived in Africa, and the pictures show it to be covered (3)_____ hair.
Modern (4)_____ are not as generous as Linne in welcoming other species into Man's lofty (5)_____, and the chimpanzee is now referred to (6)_____ Pan troglodytes. But Pan or Homo, there is no (7)_____ that chimps are humans' nearest living relatives, and that if the secrets of what makes humanity special are ever to be (8)_____, understanding why chimps are not people, nor people chimps, is a crucial part of the process. That, in turn, means looking at the DNA of the two species, (9)_____ it is here that the (10)_____ must originate.
One half of the puzzle has been (11)_____ for several years: the human genome was published in 2001. The second has now been added, with the announcement in this week's Nature (12)_____ the chimpanzee genome has been sequenced as well. For those expecting (13)_____ answers to age-old questions (14)_____, the publication of the chimp genome may be something of an (15)_____. There are no immediately obvious genes-present in one, but not the other-that account for such characteristic human (16)_____ as intelligence or even hairlessness. And (17)_____ there is a gene connected with language, known as FOXP2, it had already been discovered. But although the preliminary comparison of the two genomes (18)_____ by the members of the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium, the multinational team that generated the sequence, did not (19)_____, any obvious nuggets of genetic gold, it does at least show where to look for (20)_____.
A．slot
B．pledge
C．plot
D．scrutinize
第4题
The amazing success of humans as a speciesis the result of the evolutionary developmentof
The amazing success of humans as a species
is the result of the evolutionary development
of our brains which hassled to tool-using,
tool-making, the ability to solve problems by
logical reasoning, thoughtful cooperation,
CD6and language. One of the most striking ways
in that chimpanzees biologically resemble 【M1】______
humans lies in the structure of their trains.
The chimpanzee, with the capacity for primitive
reasoning, exhibits a type of intelligence like 【M2】______
that of humans than does any other mammal living
today. The brain of the modem chimpanzee is
probably not too dissimilar to the brain that
so many millions of years ago direct the behavior 【M3】______
of the first ape man.
In a long time, the fact that prehistoric 【M4】______
people made tools was considered to be one
of the major criterion distinguishing them 【M5】______
from other creatures. It is true that the
chimpanzee does not fashion tools to "a
regular and set pattern" but then, prehistoric
people, after their development of 【M6】______
stone tools.
Undoubtedly poked around with sticks and
straws, at which stage it seems unlikely that
they made tools to a set pattern too. 【M7】______
It is because the close association in 【M8】______
most people's minds of tools with humans
that special attention has always been focused
upon any animal able to use an objective as a 【M9】______
tool; but it is important to realize that this ability,
on its own, does not necessarily indicate
any special intelligence in the creature concerning. 【M10】______
【M1】
第5题
Scientists have wondered for a long time if animals can learn to talk as human beings do.
Several years【C1】______ , two psychologists took a baby chimpanzee into their home and raised it as a member of their family. After six years, the chimpanzee had learned to say only four【C2】______ . Apparently, chimpanzees can not talk because they care physically unable to shape their mouths and move their tongues【C3】______ people do. 【C4】______, other scientists have been very successful in teaching chimpanzees to communicate in the sign language that is used by【C5】______ people. One chimp, a female named Washoe, has learned more than 160 signs. She knows signs【C6】______ nouns, verbs, adjectives, and various other parts of speech. She understands the meaning of the signs and【C7】______ to apply them to new situations.【C8】______ , she knows that the sign for "tree" means not just one tree, but all trees. Several other chimpanzees are now being taught sign language. They are beginning to use signs to communicate with each other【C9】______ with their human trainers. Scientists are【C10】______ to see what will happen to an entire colony of chimpanzees if they learn sign language and use it among themselves.
点击查看答案
【C1】
A．after
B．later
C．ago
D．before
第6题
ChimpanzeesChimpanzees（黑猩猩) will soon be extinct（灭绝). If the present rate of hunting
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees(黑猩猩) will soon be extinct(灭绝). If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地) destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy(悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications(含意) for the survival of their distant relatives—human beings.
In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组) match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests, which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority (优先). But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
The chimpanzees' trump card(王牌) comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting.
For example, chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV, the virus that causes Aids. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in Aids research has declined because they are so resistant.
By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到) the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(改变) of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
A. Reasons for HIV resistance
B. Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans
C. Effective Aids treatment
D. Genetic similarities between chimps and humans
E. Resistance to HIV
F. Genetic differences between chimps and humans
Paragraph 1 ______
第7题
第二节 完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最
第二节 完型填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Sally is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no 【B1】 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing research 【B2】 her. They want to see how civilized(驯化) she can 【B3】 . Already she can do many things a human being does.
For example, she has been learning how to exchange 【B4】 with people. The scientists are teaching her 【B5】 language. When she wants to be picked 【B6】 , Sally points out with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger 【B7】 she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.
Sally has also been 【B8】 to find answers to problems. Once she was put in a 【B9】 with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to 【B10】 . After she considered the 【B11】 , she got a tall box to 【B12】 . The food was still too high to be reached. Sally found a 【B13】 pole. Then she climbed onto the 【B14】 , grasped(抓取)the pole, and 【B15】 down the food with the pole.
Sally 【B16】 like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard 【B17】 in the lab, she goes home. 【B18】 she plays with her toys. She 【B19】 enjoys watching television before going to bed.
Scientists hope to 【B20】 more about people by studying our closest relative—the chimpanzee.
【B1】
A．foolish
B．simple
C．special
D．ordinary
第8题
第二节 完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最
第二节 完型填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no 【B1】 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing research 【B2】 her. They want to see how civilized(驯化) she can 【B3】 . Already she can do many things a human being does.
For example, she has been learning how to exchange 【B4】 with people. The scientists are teaching her 【B5】 language. When she wants to be picked 【B6】 , Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger 【B7】 she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.
Washoe has also been 【B8】 to find answers to problems. Once she was put in a B9】 with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to 【B10】 . After she considered the【 B11】 ,she got a tall box to 【B12】 . The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a 【B13】 pole. Then she climbed onto the 【B14】 ,grasped(抓取) the pole, and 【B15】 down the food with the pole.
Washoe 【B16】 like a human, too. Tile scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard 【B17】 in the lab, she goes home. B18】 she plays with her toys. She 【B19】 enjoys watching television before going to bed. Scientists hope to 【B20】 more about people by studying our closest relative--the chimpanzee.
【B1】
A．foolish
B．simple
C．special
D．ordinary
第9题
听力原文： Washoe is a young chimpanzee. She is not ordinary chimpanzee, though. Scientists
are doing a research on her. They want to see how civilized she can become. Already she does many things a human being can do.
点击查看答案
For example, she has been learning how to exchange massages with people. The scientists are teaching her sign language. When she wants to be picked up. Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger when she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.
Washoe has also been trained to think out and find answers to problems. Once she was put in a room with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to reach. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand on. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a long pole. Then she climbed onto the box, grasped the pole, and knocked down the food with the pole.
Washoe lives like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard lesson in the laboratory, she goes home. There she plays with her toys. She even enjoys watching television before going to bed.
Washoe is a(n) ______ chimpanzee.
A．young male
B．old male
C．young female
D．old female
第10题
Parents of wailing （哀号) babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss.
Parents of wailing (哀号) babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents' legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents' attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.
Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. "It may point researchers in the right direction to find the cause of excessive crying," said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista. Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes. Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.
Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements. Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment. The babies of monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶)them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies' distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms.
"Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries," said Dado Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago. "But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses."
Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. "Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop," Bard said. "I've never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable."
Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. "All primate infants cry." Maestripieri said. "It's a very conserved behavior. It's not something humans have evolved on their own."
What can be the most probable title of this passage？
A．Parents Bothered by Babies' Cry
B．Infants Crying for Parents' Attention
C．Clues from Animals on Why Babies Cry
D．False Cry
