In solar energy area, CSP meaning __________ technology

wise be lost through ______, and show a higher efficiency of solar energy conversion, as the panels are kept at a _____ temperature than they would be on land.

A、evaporation, cooler

B、evaporation, hotter

C、precipitation, cooler

D、precipitation, hotter

根据下列材料请回答 51～65 题：

Debate over the Use of Renewable Energy

Amusable of Rockefeller University in New York，US says the key renewable(可再生的) energy sources，including sun，wind and bibfuls, would all require vast amounts of land developed up to large scale production—unlike nuclear power.That land would be far better________(51)alone，he says.Renewable look_______ (52) when they are quite small.But if we start producing renewable energy on a large________(53), the fallout(结果)is going to be horrible.

Amusable draws his conclusions by analyzing the amount of energy that renewable natural gas and nuclei(原子核)can________(54)in terms of power per square meter of land used.Moreover，he claims that_________(55)renewable energy use increases this measure of efficiency wail decrease as the best land for wind，bibfuls，and solar power gets used up.

Solar power is much more__________ (56) than bibful in used but it would still ________(57)1 50 square kilometers terms of the area of land of photovoltaic(光电的) cells to match the energy production of the 1 000 MW nuclear plant.in another example, he says__________ (58)the 2005 US electricity demand via wind need 780，000 square kilometers，an area the__________(59)of Texas power alone would However，several experts are highly critical of Amusable’ s________(60).John Turner of the US government’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that even if the US got all of its_______ (61) from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been _________(62) highways.Further，it need not ________(63)up additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of existing buildings，he says According to Turner，the same“dual use”also_________(64) to wind power. footprint for wind is only 5%of the land that it ___________(65) . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on.Turner says looking solely at land use is an 0versimDlificatiOn of the issue.

第 51 题

A．left

B．owned

C．held

D．bought

Debate over the Use of Renewable Energy

Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York, US says the key renewable (可再生的) energy sources, including sun, wind and biofuels, would all require vast amounts of land if developed up to large scale production - unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better (51) alone, he says. Renewables look (52) when they are quite small. But if we start producing renewable energy on a large (53) , the fallout (结果) is going to be horrible.

Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy that renewables, natural gas and nuclei (原子核) can (54) in terms of power per square metre of land used. Moreover, he claims that (55) renewable energy use increases, this measure of efficiency will decrease as the best land for wind, biofuels, and solar power gets used up.

Solar power is much more (56) than biofuel in terms of the area of land used, but it would still (57) 150 square kilometres of photovoltaic (光电的) cells to match the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says (58) the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area the (59) of Texas.

However, several experts are highly critical of Ausubel's (60) . John Turner of the US government's National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that even if the US got all of its (61) from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over (62) highways. Further, it need not (63) up additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of existing buildings, he says.

According to Turner, the same "dual use" also (64) to wind power. "The footprint for wind is only 5% of the land that it (65) . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on." Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the issue.

A．owned

B．left

C．held

D．bought

ergy. We can never run out of solar energy, because the sun is a renewable energy source.

Two kinds of systems generate solar energy: passive and active. A passive solar energy system generates energy from fixed glass plates built into the structure, without the use of mechanical devices. A greenhouse is a good example of a building heated by passive solar energy. The sun's rays penetrate the glass panels to heat the interior of the greenhouse, and the heat is retained through tight construction. The same principle can be applied to heating homes and other buildings on sunny days.

An active solar energy system makes use of mechanical devices and moving parts to maximize the amount of energy collected. For example, solar energy can be generated with photovoltaic cells, which are made from silicon, an abundant element. A bank of photovoltaic cells can be encased in glass and wired together to produce electricity. The bank of cells can be mounted on the roof at an angle that maximizes exposure to direct sunlight.

Another device to generate solar energy is a flatplate collector, which is an insulated glass box, typically placed on the sun-facing roof. Inside the box are pipes filled with air or water. The heat that builds up in the pipes can be used for home heating and hot-water supplies.

Two questions persist about solar energy:

How can solar energy be used in colder climates？

How can solar energy be used on cloudy days？

Scientists have the technological means to overcome both problems, but the solutions may make solar energy more expensive for many people than other alternatives.

The energy released from the sun is about 10,000 degrees F, but by the time the rays reach the earth the temperature is considerably lower, because the sun's energy has diffused over a large area during its long journey. To be useful energy in colder climates, the sun's diffused rays must be concentrated.

The process of concentrating the sun's rays is not difficult. Scouts learn that sunlight focused with a lens at the proper angle can burn a piece of paper. In warmer climates, the sun's rays can provide heat and hot water with little concentration. In colder climates, compensation is made simply by collecting more of the sun's rays by building a larger collecting device and rotating the lenses as the sun's position in the sky changes. In cloudy weather, another system can store the energy generated from the sun. For example, water heated by the sun can be retained in protected storage containers.

Because of high installation coasts, solar energy is more expensive than other sources of energy for most consumers. At this time, electricity provided by a solar power plant costs two or three times the amount of a coal-fired plant. But solar equipment is generally installed on the consumer's roof rather than at a central power plant, as is the case with other energy sources. A family must pay several thousand dollars to construct a solar energy system capable of providing virtually all household heat and electricity. The family is also responsible for maintenance and repair of the system.

While initial construction costs are much higher, monthly heating and electricity bills are much lower once the system begins operation. Users of solar energy do not face rising monthly electricity bills from a power company, which passes to its consumers the increasing costs of purchasing fossil fuels and constructing new facilities. Solar energy is economical for consumers who remain in the same house for many years and can benefit from low monthly operating costs. For most families, solar energy will become more attractive when other energy sources become more expensive. One indication of solar energy's bright future is that petroleum companies have bought the m

A．The technical problem of providing heat on cloudy days are not yet solved.

B．It costs much to have a solar energy system installed at home.

C．There are basically two types of solar energy.

D．Solar energy is clean, inexhaustible and free of risk.

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Debate over the Use of Renewable Energy

Amusable of Rockefeller University in New York, US says the key renewable（可再生的） energy sources, including sun, wind and bibfuls, would all require vast amounts of land if developed up to large scale production--unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better________(51)alone, he says. Renewable look_______ (52) when they are quite small. But if we start producing renewable energy on a large________(53), the fallout(结果)is going to be horrible.

Amusable draws his conclusions by analyzing the amount of energy that renewable natural gas and nuclei（原子核）can________(54)in terms of power per square meter of land used. Moreover, he claims that_________(55)renewable energy use increases this measure of efficiency wail decrease as the best land for wind, bibfuls, and solar power gets used up.

Solar power is much more__________ (56) than bibful in used but it would still ________(57)150 square kilometers terms of the area of land of photovoltaic（光电的）cells to match the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says__________ (58)the 2005 US electricity demand via wind need 780,000 square kilometers, an area the__________(59)of Texas power alone would. However, several experts are highly critical of Amusable’s ________(60). John Turner of the US government’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that even if the US got all of its_______ (61) from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been _________(62) highways. Further, it need not ________(63)up additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of existing buildings, he says

According to Turner, the same “dual use” also_________(64) to wind power footprint for wind is only 5%of the land that it ___________(65) . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on. Turner says looking solely at land use is an over-simplification of the issue.

51. A left B ownedC held D bought

gh-efficiency appliances. Can you make your home any more eco-friendly？ For an increasing number of Americans, the answer is yes. You can let nature help cut your utility bill. It may be as simple as replacing outdoor lights with solar-powered fixtures or signing up for your utilitys "green power" program. Thanks to rapid improving technology and government subsidies, thousands of Americans living in remote locations are finding it can be cheaper to use the sun and wind than fossil fuels. However, dont cut your ties to the local utility just yet. (A)While renewable energy wont replace coal and natural gas soon (or ever, critics contend), consumers have more choices in their energy mix than ever before. (B)And theyre not at all whole-bran environmentalists: Roldan Montalvo runs a gas station here in Hebbronville, Texas. (C)But when he wanted to bring electricity to his cabin eight miles out of town, he went solar. The reason was simple. The utility company wanted $100000 to extend its electric line to his cabin. (D)Mr. Montalvo paid less than $8000 for his solar system, "Its all right so far," he says, looking up at the three solar panels that run a few lights, a fan, and a TV inside. "I can run power tools." Others, of course, take a more enthusiastic line. "There is a new focus on renewable." says Thomas White, chairman and chief executive of Enron Renewable Energy Corporation, which has completed the worlds largest wind farm in Minnesota. "My feeling is that we are at the point in time where the personal computer was in the late 70s," adds Mac Moore, Director of Business Development for BP Solar, one of the largest manufacturers and marketers of solar electric systems in the world. "Over the next 10 years, if things go well, theres going to be a revolutionary change in the way that we obtain power." Wind power represents an even more compelling argument for remote homeowners. Turbines have become so much more efficient over the past decades that homeowners a quarter mile from a utility line may find it cheaper to put up a wind turbine than to pay the utility to extend its service. But for most consumers, barriers remain. For one thing, renewable energy systems are expensive to install and require more than a decade before consumers see a payback. Even a good deal on solar panels in a high-sun area would still cost a typical homeowner 30 cents a kilowatt hour, explains the CEO of Strategy Unlimited, a technology-research firm in Mountain View, Calif. Thats far above the 6 to 15 cents that Americans typically pay their local utility, he adds. Small-scale wind turbines are much more competitive—anywhere from 8 to 15 cents a kilowatt-hour, says Mike Bergey, President of Bergey Windpower in Norman, Oklahoma. But they still require a $30000 to $35000 investment up front and it would take most homeowners 15 to 20 years before theyd see any payback. There are other drawbacks. Since these systems only produce energy intermittently, theres no guarantee homeowners can store enough energy to run their homes when the sun isnt shining or the wind isnt blowing. Then theres aesthetics. Will the neighbor accept those solar panels on your roof？ Do you want a 100-foot-high wind turbine humming in your backyard like a muffled helicopter？ Thats why companies like Bergey Windpower are targeting rural residents in the United States—especially those in states such as California, where the government will pay up to half the cost of installing renewable-energy systems.

The word insulate in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A．separate

B．decorate

C．install

D．expand

Which of the following titles is closest to the message the text tries to convey？

A．Renewable Energy

B．A heavy Blow for Solar Energy

C．Environment and Solar Energy

D．Do We Need Solar Energy？