Why didn’t people visit the library in Garissa？

A、Because he became accustomed to seeing children using smartphones.

B、Because he was not interested in the effects of media use on children.

C、Because the percentage was not high compared with that of other countries.

D、Because he seldom saw children using smartphones.

A、Adults reported spending less time on their phones than children did in South Korea.

B、Children in the UK reported using the smartphone for class activities frequently.

C、Outside the US and Europe, children tend to own their first mobile phones at a younger age.

D、Children had no access to Wi-Fi and had to turn off their smartphones in Denmark.

Section B Reading in Context Read the following passage and fill in the blanks using the correct conjunctive adverbs in the crackets for sentences 6)-10) according to above explanations. (Be careful of useless blank spaces./请勿输入多余的空格。) Reliability and validity are key concepts in any form of enquiry. Reliability is a measure of consistency. 6) (Furthermore/For example), if a clock is sometimes fast and sometimes slow, it is unreliable. If a questionnaire produces different results for the same group of people each time it is used, then the questionnaire is unreliable. Validity is a measure of truth. It is possible for a questionnaire to be highly reliable yet invalid, like a clock which is always ten minutes slow. 7) (In contrast/In other words), a clock which is always right provides a valid and reliable measure of time. Similarly, a questionnaire which really measures what it claims to measure is a valid questionnaire. We can assess how valid our questionnaire is by comparing its results with an independent measure. 8) (In addition/For instance), if we ask people how often they visit their local theatre and then check the results against ticket sales, we will know how valid our questionnaire is. 9) (However/Because) independent measures are themselves often unreliable and of low validity. 10) (Furthermore/Consequently), in many cases there are no independent measures. In other words, a “true” answer does not exist. 6

Reading for understanding Please read the passage again, and summary it briefly within 50 words. Across Europe, about 46% of children 9 to 16 own a smartphone, according to a study published in the journal New Media & Society in 2015. The study surveyed about 3,500 children in Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Romania and the United Kingdom between 2013 and 2014. “Back in 2014, around 80% of children owned either a mobile phone or a smartphone; 46% owned a smartphone and 33% a mobile phone,” said Giovanna Mascheroni, a senior lecturer at the Università Cattolica of Milan in Italy and lead author of the study. Yet, she added, there were differences across countries in how much children were allowed to use their smartphones in school and other places. “Children in Italy and the UK were more likely to be restricted at school. They had no access to Wi-Fi and had to turn off their smartphones, whereas children in Denmark reported using the smartphone for class activities more frequently,” Mascheroni said. “Children in Portugal were more affected by the economic crisis, so they reported not having an Internet plan any longer because it was too expensive,” she said. “In general, though, children across countries were sensitive to costs. They used Wi-Fi networks when possible and switched 3G or 4G off to save money and power". In the United States, cell phone ownership seems to begin at a younger age. A separate report released last month by the nonprofit organization Common Sense Media found that 42% of US children 8 and younger now have their own tablet devices. Those numbers came as no shock to Douglas Gentile, a psychology professor at Iowa State University who was not involved in the new report but has studied the effects of media use on children. “It's not surprising, because it's what we look around ourselves and can see. I can see it at the airport, for example. I can see it at restaurants, and I can even see it in my own home where my younger daughter watches almost no television, but she'll watch lots of TV shows on her phone,” Gentile told CNN in October. Outside the US and Europe, children tend to own their first mobile phones when they are older. In South Korea, about 72% of children owned a smartphone by ages 11 to 12, and they would spend up to 5.4 hours a day on them, according to a study published last year in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In comparison, adults reported spending about 3.8 hours on their phones, according to the study. “It seems that Korean children start to have their own mobile phone around second to third grade, and by the time they become fourth-graders, most of them have mobile phones,” said Yoori Hwang, a researcher at Myongji University in Seoul and lead author of the study.

A、制备原理

B、工艺路线

C、质量控制

D、市场营销

A、小试

B、中试

C、工业化生产

D、分析测试

A、追溯求源法

B、类型反应法

C、分子对称法

D、模拟类推法