被支配资产（dominated asset)

B、不动产、动产和合法权利

C、可确指的资产和不可确指的资产

D、单项资产和整体资产

a．画出一个描述垄断企业的图形，包括向右下方倾斜的需求曲线和成本曲线。(为了简单起见，假设边际成本是不变的，因此成本曲线是一条水平线。)显示利润最大化的价格和数量；显示在这种最优状态代表利润和消费者剩余的面积。

b．现在假设企业事前宣布了略高于最优水平的价格。显示这一价格和销售量：显示代表价格过高所导致的利润损失的面积；显示代表消费者剩余减少的面积。

c．企业要通过比较降价的额外利润与菜单成本来决定是否降价。在作出这种决策时，企业忽略了的外部性是什么？在什么意义上说，企业的价格调整决策是无效率的？

(This problem uses basic microeconomics.) The chapter discusses the price-adjustment decisions of firms with menu costs. This problem asks you to consider that issue more analytically in the simple case of a single firm.

a．Draw a diagram describing a monopoly firm, including a downward-sloping demand curve and a cost curve. (For simplicity, assume that marginal cost is constant, so the cost curve is a horizontal line.) Show the profit-maximizing price and quantity. Show the areas that represent profit and consumer surplus at this optimum.

b．Now suppose the firm has previously announced a price slightly above the optimum. Show this price and the quantity sold. Show the area representing the lost profit from the excessive price. Show the area representing the lost consumer surplus.

c．The firm decides whether to cut its price by comparing the extra profit from a lower price to the menu cost. In making this decision, what externality is the firm ignoring？ In what sense is the firm's price-adjustment decision inefficient？

a．如果美联储保持货币供给不变，随着产出的波动，物价水平会发生什么变动？

b．如果美联储调整货币供给以稳定物价水平，随着产出的波动，货币供给会发生什么变动？

c．许多经济学家观察到，货币供给的波动与产出的波动正相关。这是反对实际经济周期理论的证据吗？

Suppose that prices are fully flexible and that the output of the economy fluctuates because of shocks to technology, as real business cycle theory claims.

a．If the Federal Reserve holds the money supply constant, what will happen to the price level as output fluctuates？

b．If the Federal Reserve adjusts the money supply to stabilize the price level, what will happen to the money supply as output fluctuates？

c．Many economists have observed that fluctuations in the money supply are positively correlated with fluctuations in output. Is this evidence against real business cycle theory？

According to surveys, how often does the typical firm change its prices？ How do firm managers explain the stickiness of their prices？

According to real business cycle theory, permanent and transitory shocks to technology should have very different effects on the economy. Use the parable of Robinson Crusoe to compare the effects of a transitory shock (good weather expected to last only a few days) and a permanent shock (a beneficial change in weather patterns). Which shock would have a greater effect on Crusoe's work effort？ On GDP？ Is it possible that one of these shocks might reduce work effort？