List and briefly describe the six information gathering techniques.

1. Explain the following terminologies Critical resolved shear stress: Strain hardening: 2. Please list methods of strengthening a metal or alloy you know, and briefly explain the corresponding strengthening mechanisms:

Design a proposal on Celebrity Worship in My University, including the following items: • Research purpose — explain why you are engaged in this research project • Research background — make a literature review of previous studies on this topic or briefly introduce key concepts • Research methods — list the methods which you will use in this project • Research schedule — plan the research in steps • Research prospect — outline the conclusion that you expect to make and the suggestions that can follow

There was an engineer who had an exceptional gift for fixing all mechanical (机械的) things. After serving his company heart and soul for over 25 years, he happily retired(退休). Several years later his company telephoned him regarding a seemingly impossible problem they were having with one of their multi-million-dollar machines. They had tried everything and everyone else to get the machine fixed, but no help.

In desperation (绝望), they called on the retired engineer who had solved so many of their problems in the past. The engineer unwillingly took the challenge. He spent a day studying the huge machine. At the end of the day he marked a small X in chalk on a particular part of the machine and proudly stated, "This is where your problem is.” Tile part was replaced and the machine worked perfectly again.

The company received a bill for $ 20,001 from the engineer for his service. They told him to make a list of his charges.

The engineer answered briefly:

One chalk mark... $ 1

Knowing where to put it... $ 20,000.

The engineer retired ______.

A．after he worked in the same company for less than 25 years

B．after he worked in different companies for 25 years

C．after he worked faithfully in the same company for over 25 years

D．after he worked heart and soul in his own company for 25 years

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

①Many of today’s most trusted sales techniques were invented over a century ago by a young merchant named Eaton in Toronto.21 When he was young, Eaton worked briefly with his brothers in small-town stores. In 1869, he set up his own shop in downtown Toronto. He had many competitors, but he was also ambitious and had a plan for success. He offered a unique style. of trade, but as was expected, all the other shopkeepers laughed at him, believing he would eventually fail. However, Eaton was not a man to be easily defeated; he came up with（To bring forth or discover ） a brand new notion of business – “Goods satisfactory, or money refunded.(to give back)” He sold all his goods at fixed prices and only for cash.23

②With a sharp sense of what the public wanted, he went out of the way(To inconvenience oneself in doing something beyond what is required.不怕麻烦地：超出要求之外做某事而使自己麻烦) to meet their needs. His business grew rapidly. He set up new branches and started mail order service that allowed people to buy from a list of his goods.

③Eaton’s list—advertisements of his day—was the first of its kind. It was distributed and read all over the country. It was the only way to access good-quality goods at reasonable prices for people living far away from big cites.25 It became part of their life. They even called it The Wishing Book. The secret of the list’s success was that Eaton gained the respect of these customers22; they trusted him for good prices and quality goods. Probably because he remembered his miserable early days in Ireland, Eaton thought much of the welfare of his employees: better working conditions, shorter weekday（除了周日或者除了周六周日）hours than his competitors and Saturday afternoons off in the summer. In all this, he was a leader.

21. The best description of Eaton is that ______.

A. he was the richest merchant in Toronto

B. he was a successful technical inventor

C. he introduced new sales practices

D. he changed people’s ideas about businessmen

Task 3

Directions: After reading the following passage, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 to No.50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than three words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.

Sakura Scholarships offer students the opportunity of taking part in a three-month Japanese language course in the city of Kyoto. The scholarship covers free accommodation，meals and tuition. Return air fares between their country of residence and Osaka are paid，and $l，000 pocket money is also provided.

To apply for one of these Scholarships，you should write a letter of about 300 words, describing your own educational career so far，and giving reasons education would benefit from participation in the Sakura Scholarship Scheme.

The closing date for application is February l，2009.Applicants who have been selected for the short list(人选名单)will receive the notice by March 31. The final selection will be made on the basis of interviews held during May.

Applications are open to all students，regardless of age, sex or nationality，and are also open to people who are not currently full-time students.

Please apply to Ms. Kyoto Matsumoto，Sakura Scholarship Scheme，Sakura Trading Co, 200 East Avenue, London E97PS.

Sakura Scholarships

Course offered：Japanese language

Items covered:

1.accommodation，meals and -46-

2. -47- air fares

3. $l,000 -48-

Content of application letter:

1.describing the applicant’s -49- so far

2.giving reasons for taking the course

Deadline for application： -50-

46__________

nformation in mind over a brief period of time. As conceptions of short-terra memory expanded to include more than just the brief storage of information, psychologists created new terminology. The term working memory is now commonly used to refer to a broader system that both stores information briefly and allows manipulation and use of the stored information.

Psychologists often study working memory storage by examining how well people remember a list of items. In a typical experiment, people are presented with a series of words, one every few seconds. Then they are instructed to recall as many of the words as they can, in any order. Most people remember the words at the beginning and end of the series better than those in the middle. This phenomenon is called the serial position effect because the chance of recalling an item is related to its position in the series. In this experiment, recall was tested either immediately after presentation of the list items or after 30 seconds. Subjects in both conditions demonstrated what is known as the primacy effect, which is better recall of the first few list items. Psychologists believe this effect occurs because people tend to process the first few items more than later items. Subjects in the immediate-recall condition also showed the recency effect, or better recall of the last items on the list.

Working memory has a basic limitation: It can hold only a limited amount of information at one time. Early research on short-term storage of information focused on memory span--bow many items people can correctly recall in order. More recent studies have attempted to separate true storage capacity from processing capacity by using tests more complex than memory span. These studies have estimated a somewhat lower short-term storage capacity than did the earlier experiments. People can overcome such storage limitations by grouping information into chunks, or meaningful units.

Working memory is critical for mental work, or thinking. The ability to carry out these kinds of calculations depends on working memory capacity, which varies individually. Studies have also shown that working memory changes with age. As children grow older, their working memory capacity increases. Working memory declines in old age and in some types of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Working memory capacity is correlated with intelligence (as measured by intelligence tests). This correlation has led some psychologists to argue that working memory abilities are essentially those that underlie general intelligence. In addition, research suggests that there are different types of working memory. For example, the ability to hold visual images in mind seems independent from the ability to retain verbal information.

The concept of working memory is ______ that of short memory.

A．equal to

B．narrower than

C．broader than

D．irrelevant to

Write a proposal for a research paper you plan to write. In clear, concise language, your proposal should explain: l What your main question or topic is, l Why it matters, l How you plan to approach the analysis. The proposal should briefly state your topic, its importance to your field, and the way you intend to analyze it. The trick is to be brief without being vague. There is no one way to write a research proposal, but most proposals have similar criteria. Your proposal is required to include the following sections. 1. Introduction Your introduction should state your research topic or issue and explain why you are interested in it. Explain why it is problematic and warrants a deeper examination. Explain why your research is important to you and the larger world. You are also required to name a target journal, and explain why you select this journal. 2. Research question/s State clearly your research question/s. 3. Current research on your topic Describe the sources you have used to research your topic to give an overview of current perspectives. Explain how other researchers have approached this topic, the questions they have asked and the strategies they have used to conduct their research. 4. Research method Describe in detail how you will conduct your research, including the kinds of sources you will use and the steps you will take to complete the research. Explain why you will use the method and how it will contribute to your overall results. 5. Conclusion and bibliography Write a conclusion to your proposal that reiterates your reasons for doing the research and what you hope to achieve. Leave your reader with a sense of your proposed paper’s importance. End with a list of the sources you have cited in your proposal, and be sure to format them according to the style adopted by the target journal you have selected. Write 500 – 1000 English words.