题目内容（请给出正确答案）

[主观题]

appear, competitive, corporate, corrupt, differ, ethics,

interest, nation, present, sponsor, volunteer, co-worker

A surprising number of employees in large companies report feeling pressure to "do the wrong thing. " One out of eight workers reported their【81】or managers somehow pressured them to do something against the company's ethical standards. Such internal【82】has led several large companies into difficulty and even to complete failure.

When a large corporation fails due to corruption, a clear message is sent to the public, and business students in particular. That message is "in life and in business,【83】behavior. will get you in trouble. " It【84】more students are getting this message as enrollment in Business Ethics courses rises.【85】, however, very few MBA programs in North America require students to take any Business Ethics courses. For this reason, the【86】organization called Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE) is actively working to train young business people to make ethical business decisions.

SIFE works through teams of university students who【87】their time to work on training courses and to develop projects. These teams can be found on more than 1,500 campuses in 37 countries around the world. The organization is supported by faculty advisors on these campuses, and many international【88】take part in events organized by SIFE.

The courses and programs【89】by SIFE are aimed at helping young businesspeople better themselves, their communities, and their countries. Each year, the teams from each university write an annual report of their activities and give a【90】in a competition where the best team is awarded the SIFE World Cup.

(46)

提问人：网友hotroom 发布时间：2022-01-07

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更多“appear, competitive, corporate…”相关的问题

第1题

Seeking a competitive advantage, some professionalservice firms（for example, firms providi

Seeking a competitive advantage, some professional

service firms(for example, firms providing advertising,

accounting, or health care services) have considered

offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction. Such

(5) guarantees specify what clients can expect and what the

firm will do if it fails to fulfill these expectations.

Particularly with first-time clients, an unconditional

guarantee can be an effective marketing tool if the

client is very cautious, the firm’s fees are high, the

(10) negative consequences of bad service are grave, or

business is difficult to obtain through referrals and

word-of-mouth.

However, an unconditional guarantee can sometimes

hinder marketing efforts. With its implication that fail-

(15) ure is possible, the guarantee may, paradoxically, cause

clients to doubt the service firm’s ability to deliver the

promised level of service. It may conflict with a firm’s

desire to appear sophisticated, or may even suggest that

a firm is begging for business. In legal and health care

(20) services, it may mislead clients by suggesting that law-

suits or medical procedures will have guaranteed out-

comes. Indeed, professional service firms with outstandin

reputations and performance to match have little to gain

from offering unconditional guarantees. And any firm

(25) that implements an unconditional guarantee without

undertaking a commensurate commitment to quality of

service is merely employing a potentially costly

marketing gimmick.

The primary function of the passage as a whole is to______

A．account for the popularity of a practice

B．evaluate the utility of a practice

C．demonstrate how to institute a practice

D．weigh the ethics of using a strategy

E．explain the reasons for pursuing a strategy

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第2题

There is one difference between the sexes on which virtually every expert and study agree:

men are more aggressive than women. It shows up in 2-year-old. It continues through school days and persists into adulthood. It is even constant across cultures. And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology-in the male sex hormone testosterone.

If there's a feminine trait that's the counterpart of male aggressiveness, it's what social scientists awkwardly refer to as "nurturance". Feminists have argued that the nurturing nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been drummed into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home. But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numberous to ignore. Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues from others. And grown women are far more adapt than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust.

What difference do such differences make in the real world？ Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive—or at least competitive in different ways—than men. At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with credentials just as outstanding as those of their male peers. But they don't qualify for the prestigious Law Review in proportionate numbers, a fact some school officials attribute to women's discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere.

Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate masculine ways. But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style. did find one consistent difference: Men tend to be more "autocratic"—making decisions on their own—while women tend to consult colleagues and subordinates more often.

Studies of behavior. in small groups turn up even more differences. Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening.

The passage mainly discusses______.

A．how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations

B．how hormone determines sex differences

C．why there are differences between males and females

D．why men and women have different social roles

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第3题

根据下面材料，回答题。

Development in Newspaper Organization

One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ____46____, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue ____47____ Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.

Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers ____48____. A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and ____49____. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined ____50____. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.

第46题__________ 查看材料

A.to play an important role in newspaper operations

B.was the growth of telegraph services

C.and they usually enjoy great prestige

D.they are usually operated by a single owner

E.in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs

F.owned by a single person or organization

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第4题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 Development in Newspaper OrganizationOne of the most important d

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Development in Newspaper Organization

One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ___________(46), which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue ___________ (47). Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.＜br＞

Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers ___________(48). A merger involves combining two or more papers into one.＜br＞

During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and ___________(49). Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined .(50). Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.

第46题__________ 查看材料

A.to play an important role in newspaper operations

B.was the growth of telegraph services

C.and they usually enjoy great prestige

D.they are usually operated by a single owner

E.in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs

F.owned by a single person or organization

点击查看答案

第5题

Sixty-eight percent of America's wealth is generated by manufacturing. If the United State

s hopes to continue to maintain a position of prestige and remain competitive in the global economy, it must have a strong manufacturing sector.

What has been done to maintain the competitive position of the United States as a major manufacturing nation？ Unfortunately, it would appear too little has been done. While spending about $150 billion per year on research and development — more than the U.K., France and lapan combined — the United States has not paid sufficient attention to manufacturing and technology transfer. The National Science Foundation spends only 13 percent of its budget on engineering and only 1.2 percent on manufacturing. In Germany, 30 percent of the research funding goes to engineering and 15 percent to manufacturing. The U. S. Department of Commerce has only five government-run technology centers while Japan has 170 government-run technology centers bringing new manufacturing techniques to business.

In terms of scientific research, the United States has done very well. About one third of the world's scientific papers are produced by the United States. The nearest competitors are the United Kingdom with 8.2 percent, Japan with 7.7 percent and the former Soviet Union with 7.6 percent. Almost 50 percent of all references cited in other scientific papers are American; the nearest competitors are all below 10 percent.

Some of the problems of American industry can be illustrated by a few examples:

The number of hours it takes to build an automobile in the United States has increased; in

Japan it has decreased (by 60 percent between the years 1970 and 1981 alone).

It now takes half as much time to assemble a Toyota as to assemble a General Motors automobile.

It took nine years for the United States to go from research to production of Numerically Controlled (NC) machine tools; in Japan it took only two years.

Typical Japanese machine tool accuracy and repeatability are better than that of equivalent U.S. machines.

The use of robots in the United States lags behind other industrialized nations:

Japan 550,000

Europe 69,000

Former Soviet Union 62,000

United States 37,000

The Japanese use five times more Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) than the United States.

What would the author probably suggest in the section that follows this passage？

A．The U.S. should reduce the time needed to assemble an automobile.

B．Achievement of world class manufacturing is essential to the U. S..

C．The U.S. should take pride in her scientific research.

D．Japan is the leader in technology transfer.

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第6题

翻译：（46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol

(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.

If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.

The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.

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第7题

In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands

of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, the products are often nearly identical. Thus, manufacturers are confronted with a problem how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. They try to attract consumers in various ways. As a matter of fact, advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.

One type of advertisement tries to appeal to the consumer's reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example, it may say the dentists recommend Flash toothpaste. In selling a product, the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth;

Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are essential boring, such as insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing way. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. Advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that the consumers associate with fun,

Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal. In this class, ads suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desire. One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people. Many automobile advertisements are in this category. Another powerful desire to which advertisers appeal is the desire for love. Thus ads for bandages(绷带) are unlikely to emphasize the way the bandages are made or their low cost; instead, the ads may Show a mother tenderly binding up and then kissing her small boy's cut finger. In the picture there is an open package of Ouch Bandages. The advertiser hopes the consumer will mentally insert an equal sign to create the equation "Ouch Bandages=Love".

One only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies.

Under the cover of different brands,______.

A．the products have great difference from each other

B．the products are more or less the same

C．the manufacturers tend to differ very little

D．the brands may vary only in name

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第8题

The cunning Internet entrepreneurs who Constantly try to manipulate Google’s Search engine

results for a competitive edge were trying their best to match wits face-to-face with the company's top engineers. Google's experts, despite putting on a show of being helpful, weren't about to reveal their "secret sauce"--Google's tightly guarded formula for ranking Web sites.

For the millions of Web sites without a well-known domain name, those rankings can mean the difference between success or failure because Google's search engine drives so much of the Internet's traffic, With so much at stake, low-ranked Web sites spend' much time and money trying to elevate their standing, even if they must resort to deception. The tactics include "keyword stuffing"--filling a Web page with phrases associated with a specific topic such as "laptop computers" in hopes of duping the search engine;

It's a risky strategy because Google and other search engines penalize Web sites that get caught unnecessarily repeating the same word. In the worst cases, the offending Web sites are deleted from the index so they don't show up in search results at all.

Sometimes webmasters act secretly to populated their sites with a large number of incoming links from other sites. This approach makes a site appear more authoritative and popular than it really is and thus rise in rankings.

Such dirty tricks pollute the search results with Web sites that have little to do with a user's request, frustrating consumers, diminishing Google's credibility and threatening to undermine the company's profits by driving users to its rivals.

Not surprisingly, Google works hard to prevent the mischief makers, who sometimes are branded as "Black Hats" because of their dishonest practice, from filling the websites with useless contents. However, Google knows it can't entirely avoid Black Hats. So, webmasters searching for secrets are better off looking elsewhere. Everything you ever wanted to know from Google is right there on the forums that the webmasters run. There is a lot of truth in there, but there's also a lot of crazy stuff. You just can't tell them which is which.

The word "dupe" in the last sentence of the second paragraph is the closest in meaning to

A．copy

B．cheat

C．develop

D．decide

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第9题

The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communi

cation has obviously been continuing for several decades.

(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol

(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.

If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.

The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

点击查看答案

第10题

Yamato, the ancient name of Japan, essentially means "big harmony". To achieve such balanc

e, Japanese society has refined a plethora of cultural traits: humility, loyalty, respect and consensus. In the field of business, however, this often results in a lack of leaders who are willing to stand out from the crowd, promote themselves and act decisively. "The nail that sticks up gets hammered down" is a common Japanese refrain; "the hawk with talent hides his talons" is another. Whereas American and European bosses like to appear on the covers of global business magazines, their Japanese counterparts are comfortable in their obscurity. Business in Japan is generally run as a group endeavor.

Such democratic virtues served the country well in the post-war period. But today they hold too many Japanese firms back. Japan boasts some of the best companies in the world: Toyota, Canon and Nintendo are the envy of their industries. But they operate on a global scale and have tentatively embraced some unconsensual American methods. In much of the Japanese economy-especially its huge domestic services sector-managers are in something of a funk. Firms do not give promising youngsters responsibility early on, but allocate jobs by age. Unnecessarily long working hours are the norm, sapping productivity. And there are few women and foreigners in senior roles, which narrows the talent pool.

So how pleasing it is to be able to report the success of a business leader who breaks the mould. Young, dynamic and clever, he is not afraid to push aside old, conservative know- nothings. He disdains corporate politics and promotes people based on merit rather than seniority. He can make mistakes (he got involved in a questionable takeover-defence scheme), but he is wildly popular with salarymen: his every move is chronicled weekly. In June he was given the top job at one of Japan's biggest firms. Kosaku Shima of Hatsushiba Goyo Holdings has only one serious shortcoming: he is not a real person, but a manga, or cartoon, character. For many critics of Japan, that says it all: Mr. Shima could exist only in fiction. In fact there is room for the country's managers and even its politicians to learn from him.

Most of the lessons are for Japan's managers. At present, bosses rarely say what they think because it might disrupt the harmony, or be seen as immodest. Their subordinates are reluctant to challenge ideas because that would cause the boss to lose face. So daft strategies fester rather than getting culled quickly. There is little risk-taking or initiative. The crux of the problem is Japanese companies' culture of consensus-based decision-making. Called nemawashi (literally, "going around the roots" ) or ringi (bottom-up decisions), it helped to establish an egalitarian workplace. In the 1980s Western management consultants cooed that it was the source of Japan's competitive strength. Sometimes it can be, as in periods of crisis when an entire firm needs to accept new marching orders quickly. But most of the time it strangles a company.

Relying on consensus means that decisions are made slowly, if at all. With so many people to please, the result is often a mediocre morass of compromises. And with so many hands involved, there is no accountability; no reason for individuals to excel; no sanction against bad decisions so that there are fewer of them in future. Of course, sometimes the consensus of the Japanese workplace is just a veneer and decisions are still made from on high. But then why persist with the pretence, particularly if it drains a company's efficiency？

What does "their Japanese counterparts are comfortable in their obscurity" in the first paragraph mean？

A．Japanese bosses are more inclined to direct a group endeavor rather than personal accomplishment.

B．Japanese bosses often do not like to appear on magazine covers.

C．It is rather hard to get close to Japanese bosses.

D．Japanese bosses' images are often obscure in people's eyes.

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