题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
27 Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without .
28 Gene alterations may be caused by .
29 Treatment for cancer may also bring about some .
30 Cancer patients may differ in their .
A prescription medicines
B control or order
C tolerance for pain
D various factors
E different genes
F side effects
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更多“27 Cancer occurs when cells in…”相关的问题
A. prescription medicines
B. control or order
C. tolerance for pain
D. various factors
E. normal genes
F. side effects
Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without______.
2020’ But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.
The World Cancer Report，released by the，International Agency for Research on Cancer, shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones.
Overall.cancer was responsible for 12%of all deaths in 2000. But in many countries more than a quarter Of all deaths are caused by cancer.
The report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000.and that number is expected to rise to 1 5 million by 2020.Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits.
“Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time，matching its effect in industrialized(工业化的)countries，”said researcher Paul Kleihues，MD.director of IARC。in a news release.“Once considered a‘Western’disease，the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world’s cancer burden.in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths.already Occurs in developing countries.”
The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones.However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries，where 80%of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors(肿瘤)at the time of diagnosis. Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco，occupational carcinogens(致癌物)，and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle.As less—developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous，they tend to adopt the high？fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West，which increase cancer rates.
第11题：The report says that steps could be taken to reduce about
A．50% of new cancers．
B．33％ of new cancers．
C．12％ of new cancers．
D．80％ of new cancers．
Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020
The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50% by the year 2020. But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.
The World Cancer Report, released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones.
Overall, cancer was responsible for 12% of all deaths in 2000. But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.
The report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000, and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020. Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits.
"Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized (工业化的) countries," said researcher Paul Kleihues, MD, director of IARC, in a news release. "Once considered a 'Western' disease, the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden, in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths, already occurs in developing countries."
The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones. However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries, where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors (肿瘤) at the time of diagnosis.
Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco, occupational carcinogens (致瘤物), and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle. As less-developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous, they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West, which increase cancer rates.
The report says that steps could be taken to reduce about
A．50% of new cancers.
B．33% of new cancers.
C．12%of new cancers.
D．80% of new cancers.
Dr. Jorge Yunis of the University of Minnesota Medical School in Minneapolis has found that 70 percent of oncogenes, or cancer-causing genes, are located near inherited weak points on chromosomes(染色体). Varying from individual to individual, vulnerable to chemical carcinogens(致癌剂), X rays and other cancer-inducing agents.
"If a chromosome snaps apart in the immediate vicinity of an oncogene," says Yunis, "normal genetic control mechanisms could break down and the stage would be set for the formation of cancer." Younis has shown that such a sequence occurs at the beginning of numerous leukemias (白血病), lymphomas(淋巴瘤) and some tumors of the lung, colon(结肠) and breast.
Yunis and other investigators have found that petroleum-based products--notably pesticides and insecticides-damage specific sites on at least two of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes that carry genetic information. Similarly, tobacco smoke tends to attack a part of another chromosome.
From paragraph 1, we know that some 40 genes involving in cancer are ______. ()
A．harmful to the human body
B．necessary to the human body
C．the elements that form. cancer
D．useless to the human body
根据下列文章,请回答 31～35 题。
Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50%by 2020
The number of newcancer cases worldwide is expected to；increase by 50%by the year 2020．But a new report suggests that asmany as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public healthaction．
The World CancerReport，released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, shows that cancer has now emerged asa major public health threat in；developing countries as well as rich ones．Overall．cancerwas responsible for 12%Of all deaths il3 2000．But in many countries more than aquarter of all deaths are caused by cancer．
The reportshows that l o million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000，and that numberis expected to rise t0 1 5 million by 2020．Researchers say most of thatincrease will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and,developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits．
”Cancer has emerged as a major public healthproblem in developing countries for the first time，matching its effect inindustrialized(工业化的)countries，”said researcher Paul Kleihues，MD．director of IARC，ina news release．”once considered a ”western, disease，the Report highlights thatmore than 50 percent of the world’s cancer burden．in” terms of both numbers ofcases and deaths．already Occurs in developing countries．” The risk of beingdiagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developedones．However, the risk of dying from cancer is much bigger in developed countries，where80%of cancer patients already have late—stage incurable tumors(肿瘤)at the timeof diagnosis．
Researchers say Cancer rates have traditionallybeen higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacc0，occupationalcarcinogens(致癌物)，and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle．As less—developedcountries become industrialized and more prosperous。they tend to adopt thehigh—fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen In the West，whichincrease cancer rates．
第 31 题 The report says that steps could be taken toreduce about
A．50%of new cancers．
B．33%of new cancers．
C．12%of new cancers．
D．80%of new cancers．
Clobal Cancer Rates to Rise 50% by 2020
The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50% by the year 2020. But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.
The World Cancer Report, released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, part of the World Health Organization), shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as affluent ones.
Overall, cancer was responsible for 12% of all heaths in 2000. But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.
The report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000, and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020. Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits.
"Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized countries," says researcher Paul Kleihues, MD, director of IARA, in a news release. "Once considered a 'Western' disease, the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden, in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths, already occurs in developing countries."
The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones. However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries, where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors at the time of diagnosis.
Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco, occupational carcinogens, and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle. As less-developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous, they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West, which increase cancer rates.
According to a new report, healthier lifestyles and public health action could help reduce about ______.
A．50% of new cancers
B．33% of new cancers
C．12% of new cancers
D．80% of new cancers
When epidemiologists study clusters of cancer cases and other noncontagious conditions such as birth defects or miscarriage, they take several variables into account, such as background rate (the number of people affected in the general population), cluster size, and specificity (any notable characteristics of the individual affected in each case). If a cluster is both large and specific, it is easier for epidemiologists to assign blame. Not only must each variable he considered on its own, but it must also be combined with others. Lung cancer is very common in the general population. Yet when a huge number of cases turned up among World War Ⅱ shipbuilders who had all worked with asbestos, the size of the duster and the fact that the men had had similar occupational asbestos exposures enabled epidemiologists to assign blame to the fibrous mineral.
Although several known carcinogens have been discovered through these kinds of occupational or medical clusters, only one community cancer cluster has ever been traced to an environmental cause. Health officials often discount a community’s suspicion of a common environmental cause because citizens tend to include cases that were diagnosed before the afflicted individuals moved into the neighborhood. Add to this the problem of cancer's latency. Unlike an infectious disease such as cholera, which is caused by a recent exposure to food or water contaminated with the cholera bacterium, cancer may have its roots in an exposure that occurred 10 to 20 years earlier.
Do all these caveats mean that the hard work of Lorraine Pace and other community activists is for nothing？ Not necessarily. Together with many other reports of breast cancer clusters on Long Island, the West Islip situation highlighted by Pace has helped epidemiologists lay the groundwork for a well designed scientific study.
The "hope" mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers specifically to Pace's desire to ______.
A．help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in future generations
B．improve her chances of surviving breast cancer
C．determine the cause responsible for her own breast cancer case
D．identify a particular cause for the breast cancer cases in West Islip
When epidemiologists study clusters of cancer cases and other noncontiguous conditions such as birth defects or miscarriage, they take several variables into account, such as background rate (the number of people affected in the general population) , duster size, and specificity (any notable characteristics of the individual affected in each case). If a cluster is both large and specific, it is easier for epidemiologists to assign blame. Not only must each variable be considered on its own, but it must also be combined with others. Lung cancer is very common in the general population. Yet when a huge number of cases turned up among World War II shipbuilders who had all worked with asbestos, the size of the cluster and the fact that the men had similar occupational asbestos exposures enabled epidemiologists to assign blame to the fibrous mineral.
Although several known carcinogens have been discovered through these kinds of occupational or medical clusters, only one community cancer duster has ever been traced to an environmental cause. Health officials often discount a community's suspicion of a common environmental cause because citizens tend to include cases that were diagnosed before the afflicted individuals moved into the neighborhood. Add to this is the problem of cancer's latency. Unlike an infectious disease such as cholera, which is caused by a recent exposure to food or water contaminated with the cholera bacterium, cancer may have its roots in an exposure that occurred 10 to 20 years earlier.
Do all these caveats mean that the hard work of Lorraine Pace and other community activists is for nothing？ Not necessarily. Together with many other reports of breast cancer clusters on Long Island, the West Islip situation highlighted by Pace has helped epidemiologists lay the groundwork for a well-designed scientific study.
The "hope" mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers specifically to Pace's desire to______.
A．help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in future generations
B．improve her chances of surviving breast cancer
C．determine the cause responsible for her own breast cancer case
D．identify a particular cause for the breast cancer cases in West Islip
A the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely low
B which may extend from 25 to 30 year after initial exposure
C whereas the latter consist of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs
D on the other hand, are exclusively associated with exposure to the less harmful white asbestos
E suspect that exposure to even minimal levels of asbestos is unacceptable
F causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs
G resulting from inadequate ventilation
H develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema 肺气肿(where the skin assumes a bluish color) and club fingers
The inhalation of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and lung cancer. Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the walls of the alveoli, 【B1】______ . The lung loses its elasticity and may change shape. The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness. In its later stages, sufferers 【B2】______ .
Lung cancer, the genetic term for malignant tumors of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly related to the inhalation of asbestos particles. As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of latency 【B3】______ , despite the absence of further exposure. Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos and the incidence of lung cancers. Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further increased by cigarette smoking. Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risks of contracting lung cancer than workers who do not smoke.
Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to produce mesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura. In a normal population 【B4】______ . Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to asbestos exposure.
【B1】______
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Today's first-aid topic is about handling a choking incident. In terms of the environment in which it occurs, choking is one of tire strangest and most unusual of medical emergencies. First, it generally occurs in happy, lighthearted circumstances, when everything appears to be going right. For example, choking incidents often take place at parties, where there are lots of people laughing and having a good time. Second, choking can happen to anyone, young or old, sick or well, alone or with others, at other lime. Everybody should know what action to take in the event of a choking incident. It could happen to someone you know, or even to you, at any time.
(27)
A．Serious.
B．Uncommon.
C．Usual.
D．Light.
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