题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Your basal metabolic rate(BMR) is the amount of energy your body needs to ______while you are sleep.
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更多“Your basal metabolic rate（BMR)…”相关的问题
A、Physical activity
B、Basal metabolic rate
C、Metabolic response to food
D、Basic metabolism
A.30-40%
B.50-60%
C.70-80%
D.60-70%
A.休息状态下维持生命所需的基本能量
B.男性的基础代谢率高于女性
C.饥饿状态下的基础代谢率会增加
D.寒冷气候下的基础代谢率高于温热气候下
A、The excretion of TSH (thyreotrophic hormone) will be decreased
B、Thyroid atrophy
C、The level of thyroid hormone in plasma will decrease
D、Tachycardia
E、The basal metabolic rate will be increased
Calories
For years now, calories have been all the rage-people are counting them and cutting them, and you'd be hard-pressed to find something at the supermarket that does not list its calories per serving somewhere on the package. But have you ever wondered what exactly a calorie is？
What is a Calorie
A calorie is a unit of energy. We tend to associate calories with food, but they apply to anything containing energy. For example, a gallon (about 4 liters) of gasoline contains about 31,000,000 calories.
Specifically, a calorie is the amount of energy, or heat, it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit). One calorie is equal to 4. 184 joules, a common unit of energy used in the physical sciences. Most of us think of calories in relation to food, as in "This can of soda has 200 calories." It turns out that the calories on a food package are actually kilocalories (1,000 calories = 1 kilocalorie). The word is sometimes capitalized to show the difference, but usually not. A food calorie contains 4,184 joules. A can of soda containing 200 food calories contains 200,000 regular calories, or 200 kilocalories. A gallon of gasoline contains 31,000 kilocalories.
The same applies to exercise — when a fitness chart says you burn about 100 calories for every mile you jog, it means 100 kilocalories. For the duration of this article, when we say "calorie," we mean "kilocalorie."
What Calories Do
Human beings need energy to survive — to breathe, move, pump blood — and they acquire this energy from food.
The number of calories in a food is a measure of how much potential energy that food possesses. A gram of carbohydrates(碳水化合物) has 4 calories, a gram of protein has 4 calories, and a gram of fat has 9 calories. Foods are a compilation (集合) of these three building blocks. So if you know how many carbohydrates, fats and proteins are in any given food, you know how many calories, or how much energy, that food contains.
If we look at the nutritional label on the back of a packet of maple-and-brown-sugar oatmeal, we find that it has 160 calories. This means that if we were to pour this oatmeal into a dish, set the oatmeal on fire and get it to burn completely (which is actually pretty tricky), the reaction would produce 160 kilocalories (remember: food calories are kilocalories) — enough energy to raise the temperature of 160 kilograms of water 1 degree Celsius. If we look closer at the nutritional label, we see that our oatmeal has 2 grams of fat, 4 grams of protein and 32 grams of carbohydrates, producing a total of 162 calories (apparently, food manufacturers like to round down). Of these 162 calories, 18 come from fat (9 cal × 2g), 16 come from protein(4 cal × 4g) and 128 come from carbohydrates (4 cal × 32g).
Your Calorie Needs
Just how many calories do our cells need to function well？ The number is different for every person. You may notice on the nutritional labels of the foods you buy that the "percent daily values" are based on a 2,000 calorie diet — 2,000 calories is a rough average of what a person needs to eat in a day, but your body might need more or less than 2,000 calories. Height, weight, gender, age and activity level all affect your caloric needs. There are three main factors involved in calculating how many calories your body needs per day:
•Basal metabolic rate (基本新陈代谢率)
•Physical activity
•Thermic (热的) effect of food
Your basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy your body needs to function at rest. This accounts for about 60 to 70 percent of calories burned in a day and includes the energy required to keep the heart beating, the lungs breathing, the kidneys functioning and the body temperature stabilized. In general, men have a higher BMR than women.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Calories
For years now, calories have been all the rage—people are Counting them and cutting them, and you'd be hard pressed to find something at the supermarket that does hot list its calories per serving somewhere on the package. But have you ever wondered what exactly a calorie is？
What is a Calorie
A caloric is a unit of energy. We tend to associate calories with food, but they apply to anything containing energy. For example, a gallon (about 4 liters) of gasoline contains about 31,000,000 calories.
Specifically, a caloric is the amount of energy, or heat, it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius(1.8 degrees Fahrenheit). One caloric is equal to 4.184 joules(焦耳), a common unit of energy used in the physical sciences. Most of us think of calories in relation to food, as in "This can of soda has 200 calories." It turns out that the calories on a food package are actually kilocalories (1,000 calories=1 kilocalorie). The word is sometimes capitalized to show the difference, but usually not. A food calorie contains 4,184 joules. A can of soda containing 200 food calories contains 200,000 regular calories, or 200 kilocalories. A gallon of gasoline contains 31,000 kilocalories.
The same applies to exercise when a fitness chart says you burn about 100 calories for every mile you jog, it means 100 kilocalories. For the duration of this article, when we say "calorie", we mean "kilocalorie".
What Calories Do
Human beings need energy to survive—to breathe, move, pump blood—and they acquire this energy from food.
The number of calories in a food is a measure of how much potential energy that food possesses. A gram of carbohydrates(碳水化合物) has 4 calories, a grain of protein has 4 calories, and a gram of fat has 9 calories. Foods are a compilation of these three building blocks. So if you know how many carbohydrates, fats and proteins are in any given food, you know bow many calories, or how much energy, that food contains.
If we look at the nutritional label on the back of a packet bf maple-and-brown-sugar oatmeal(麦片), we find that it has 160 calories. This means that if we were to pour this oatmeal into a dish, set the oatmeal on fire and get it to burn completely(which is actually pretty tricky), the reaction would produce 160 kilocalories (remember: food calories are kilocalories) enough energy to raise the temperature of 160 kilograms of water 1 degree Celsius. If we look closer at the nutritional label, we see that our oatmeal has 2 grams of fat, 4 grams of protein and 32 grams of carbohydrates, producing a total of 162 calories(apparently, food manufacturers like to round down). Of these 162 calories, 18 come from fat(9cal×2g), 16 come from protein(4cal×4g) and 128 come from carbohydrates(4cal×32g).
Your Caloric Needs
Just how many calories do our cells need to function well？ The number is different for every person. You may notice on the nutritional labels of the foods you buy that the "percent daily values" are based on a 2,000 calorie diet—2,000 calories is a rough average of what a person. needs to eat in a day, but your body might need more or less than 2,000 calories. Height, weight, gender, age and activity level all affect your caloric needs. There are three main factors involved in calculating how many calories your body needs per day:
-Basal metabolic rate(基本新陈代谢率)
-Physical activity
-Thermic(热的) effect of food
Your basal metabolic rate(BMR) is the amount of energy your body needs to function at rest. This accounts for about 60 to 70 percent of calories burned in a day and includes the energy required to keep the heart beating, the lungs breathing, the kidneys functioning and the body temperature stabilized. In general, men have a higher BMR than women.
The
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Your caloric intake for building mass is determined by ______.
A．multiplying your body weight by 24
B．multiplying your body weight by 17
C．your metabolic rate, physical activity level and thermic effect of food
D．your sleep patterns, age, gender, body mass and body size
You Can Stay the Weight You Want
Three years ago, at the age of 24, Deborah Whalley decided to get rid of the "80-pound backpack" of extra weight she was carrying on her five-foot-nine frame. It wasn't the first time that Whalley, a retail assistant manager in Toronto, had embarked on a diet.
"I lost 30 pounds in Grade 9," she recalls. "Not only did I gain the Weight back in short order, but I also put on about 50 extra pounds over the next nine years. '
If you've ever been on a diet, you've probably discovered, as Whalley did, that taking off extra pounds is a lot easier than keeping them off. In fact, 95 percent of people who lose weight end ap gaining it back.
Cycling back and forth between higher and lower weights is not just demoralizing, however. "There's some evidence that yo-yoing within a 20-or 30-pound range puts more stress on your heart than carrying those 20 or 30 extra pounds," says Stephen Cunnane, a professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Toronto.
So how do you maintain the lower weight you achieve after dieting？ Researchers and doctors who have studied the five percent of dieters who keep the weight off have found common threads in their approaches and attitudes. Here are the secrets to their success:
Listen to Your Heart
According to Linda McCargar, professor of human nutrition at the University of Alberta and one of Canada's leading experts on the effects of yo-yo dieting, you're much more likely to succeed if your motivation comes from within--a desire to take better care of yourself, or "a significant emotional event that causes you to re-evaluate your lifestyle. choices.' Endocrinologist Ronnie Aronson, who runs three Lifestyle. Metabolism centers in Ontario, suggests small behavioral changes, such as taking after-dinner walks, to get into the self-motivation mind-set.
"People who use pressure from their partner or doctor to kick-start weight loss are more likely to fail,' adds Aronson.
Plan to Beat Temptation
If you know you have, say, a family reunion coming up, complete with buffet meals, you need to develop coping strategies before you' re "surrounded by temptation,' says Susan Cantwell, a wellness trainer based in Fredericton, For example, you might picture yourself choosing only one serving of scrambled eggs and a single slice of lightly buttered toast from the breakfast buffet. Do this exercise for a few days in a row and your mental imagery becomes your ally.
Cantwell cautions against battling too much temptation during the early weeks of a weight-loss effort. "For the first 30 days or so, I tell my clients to say no to invitations that spell temptation, such as coffee at your favorite dessert hangout,' she says. “After the first month, it becomes safer to accept such invitations--as long as you do some mental preparation for them. ”
It' s more than Numbers
Cantwell says long-term success is much more likely if the goal is the new behavior. pattern itself-- getting to the gym, for instance--rather than the figure on the bathroom scale. In fact, she suggests doing away with the scale altogether: "It's a poor indicator of increasing fitness and body tone. '
Cantwell drew on her ten years of experience in getting people to change ingrained habits for her book Mind over Matter: Personal Choices for a Lifetime of Fitness. Her thesis, Setbacks plague people who are trying to change, and the key to staying on track in the face of these inevitable setbacks is to make "a daily commitment to your new behaviors, regardless of what happened yesterday."
Take it Slow
"No more than two pounds a week and no fewer than 1,100 calories a day," is Aronson's rule of thumb. "Extreme self-denial doesn't work. It usually leads to an 'escape' from the self-denial."
Another problem with extreme caloric deprivation is that your basal metabolic rate will drop tempor
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
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