题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．comply with
B．trifle with
C．consult with
D．conflict with
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But even if he hadn't stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isn't real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isn't really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University (ODU) examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel.
The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting—or whether any distractions are offset by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations.
"We're looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers," said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor leading the research, which involves measuring drivers' reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues.
The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy versus, light traffic. Preliminary results show that as people "get into more challenging driving situations, they don't have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment, "Baldwin said.
But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. This next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers' mental workload.
"Is it best if they see a picture…that shows their position, a map kind of display？" Baldwin questioned. "Is it best if they hear it？"
Navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed mute. "They're very unforgiving," Baldwin said. "If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry."
That style. of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions, Baldwin said.
Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style. of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense for people who prefer the survey style, she said.
Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the stereotype that men don't like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.
Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs？
A．If Coyne had stopped the car in time, he wouldn't have hit the woman.
B．The woman would have been knocked over, if Coyne had followed the traffic regulations.
C．Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.
D．If the woman had not crossed the street suddenly, Coyne would not have hit her.
Driven to Distraction
Joe Coyne slides into the driver's seat, starts up the car and heads to town. The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him.
But even if he hadn't stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isn't real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isn't really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University (ODU) examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel.
The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting — or whether any distractions are offset by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations.
"We're looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers," said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor leading the research, which involves measuring drivers' reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual Cues.
The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs. light traffic. Preliminary results show that as people "get into more challenging driving situations, they don't have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment," Baldwin said.
But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. The next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers' mental workload.
"Is it best if they see a picture...that shows their position, a map kind of display？" Baldwin said. "Is it best if they hear it？"
Navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route. "They're very unforgiving," Baldwin said. "If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry."
That style. of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions, Baldwin said.
Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style. of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense10 for people who prefer the survey style, she said.
Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the classic little thing of why men don't like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.
Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs？
A．If Coyne had stopped the car in time, he wouldn't have hit the woman.
B．The woman would have been knocked over, if Coyne had followed the traffic regulations.
C．Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.
D．If the woman had not crossed the street suddenly, Coyne would not have hit her.
听力原文： Accidents are caused; they don't just happen. The reason may be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune—frustration, tiredness, or just bad temper—that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.
Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.
By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict to avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.
It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions made people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety precautions and most companies have safety committees to make sure that the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to accidents. These accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgment—noise and fatigue, boredom or worry are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people, who have a high anxiety level, run three times the normal risk of accidents at work.
(33)
A．External conditions.
B．People's internal conditions influenced by physical or mental factors.
C．Slippery roads.
D．A chain of events.
Generally speaking, women are not good drivers because______.
A．they often don't like driving
B．their husbands seldom let them drive
C．a car is just a means of transport to them
D．they don't have the ability to deal with the mechanical equipments in cars
Why do learner drivers have to keep their present jobs？
A．They don' t want their present bosses to know what they' re doing．
B．They want to earn money from both jobs．
C．They cannot earn money as taxi drivers yet．
D．They look forward to further promotion．
Why do learner drivers have to keep their present jobs？
A．They don't want their present bosses to know what they're doing.
B．They cannot earn money as taxi drivers yet.
C．They want to earn money from both jobs.
D．They look forward to further promotion.
It wasn't the first【38】Brooklyn, with a population of 11924 and Coyne, 83, who served as mayor for 52 years,【39】the lead on driving safety. In 1966, after Coyne saw a child who was riding in the front seat of her parents' car hit her head【40】the windshield (挡风玻璃), the city passed the nation's first mandatory (立法规定的) seat-belt law.
His idea to stop cell-phone users was【41】by another accident. "In early January 1999," he says, "our chief of police【42】a car smashed (撞毁) from behind by another vehicle." The driver of the second car was talking on a cell phone and, according to die chief,【43】talking even after the crash.
The regulation【44】drivers to keep both hands on the steering wheel while talking on a cell phone. First-time offenders are fined $3, then the fine jumps【45】$100.
Coyne doesn't own a cell phone. "I'm not that important," he says.
(36)
A．fault
B．illegal
C．incorrect
D．mistaken
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Learner drivers have to keep their previous jobs ______
A．because they don' t want their present bosses to know what they're doing
B．because they want to earn money from both jobs
C．because they cannot earn money as taxi drivers yet
D．because they look forward to further promotion
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