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FLEDGLING:
A．experienced
B．shy
C．cautious
D．pedestrian
E．fleeting
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FLEDGLING:
A．alert audience
B．champion
C．reticent assistant
D．seasoned practitioner
E．newly transformed person
A．Bill Gates’ dropping out of school
B．The penetration of personal computing
C．Bill Gates’ fledgling company
D．The software
Which is NOT mentioned as the purpose of Ayad Allawi's visit to Britain？
A．To appeal the world to honour Iraq's pledges of economic aid.
B．To plead to cancel most of Iraq's foreign debt.
C．To deliver a speech to the UN General Assembly.
D．To ask for help in training its fledgling security forces.
Why does the author mention the egg？
A．Because it is also a kind of packaging material.
B．Because it contains similar proportions with Lean Material.
C．Because it serves as a sign for this fledgling firm.
D．Because it is an enlightenment of Rosen's invention.
What is Ayad Allawi's next step after his visit to Britain？
A．To talk with President Bush in New York on Friday.
B．To talk with President Bush in New York on Tuesday.
C．To deliver a speech to the UN General Assembly on Friday.
D．To deliver a speech to the UN General Assembly on Tuesday.
Don't Retire, Start a Micro Business
Retirem ent today is either something that people welcome, or dread. In the UK, the age to qualify for your pension seems to move further away with successive govenments. And with no legal retirement age in the UK, if you want to and your company agrees, you can keep working for as long as you like. Do you want to continue with your employm ent is the question many are asking. A realistic altemative is to start your own micro business.
As the cost of living continues to rise, many in the over 60 age group in particular are looking for altemative ways to make ends meet. But also, how they can take more control of their lives by creating porfolio careers or, staring micro businesses.
The gig economy continues to expand. This fledgling working environm ent continues to define its rules of engagement, but for many, the gig economy has opened a new way to eam an income on their tems. In a report 'Gig Economy Workers and the Future of Retirement', it is found that sixteen percent of Americans plan to take a gig job in their retirem ent. Similar numbers are likely in the UK For those who have no intention of retiring, it is using their business in a dffeent way: a micro business can ensure you have a comfortable retirem ent. If anyone is thinking of winding down his working lives, or that want to make a change, he is to start a new micro business now. Developing this enterprise over the next few years could lead to a healthy second income that could replace the money you will have available if you do fully retire. This is the approach many over 60s are taking as they often top surveys of new business owners. Indeed, the concept of the 'older entrepreneur' is fast becoming the nom, outstipping the often-quoted Mllennial group, as the most entrepreneurial.
21.In the UK, the age for retirem ent and the pension seems to go by working.（）
A.for as long as you like
B.less than sixty
C.till getting the pension
D.till health problems occur
22.What is thelegal age of retirement in the U.SA. according to the passage？（）
A.60
B.65
C.55
D.None of above
23.According to the passage, the realistic suggestion for retired people is（）
A.to keep working
B.to plan second job after retirem ent
C.to take no plans after retirem ent
D.to start their own micro business
24.How many of Americans plan to take a gig job in their retirem ent？（）
A.16%
B.6%
C.60%
D.1.6%
25.The author's atitude that we could infer from the passage is likely to be（）.
A.persuasive
B.suggestive
C.critical
D.offensive
What then is biotechnology？ The term brings to mind different things. Some think of developing new types of animals. Others dream of almost unlimited sources of human therapeutic drugs. Still others envision the possibility of growing crops that are more nutritious and naturally pest-resistant to feed a rapidly growing world population. This question elicits almost as many first-thought responses as there are people to whom the question can be posed. In its purest form, the term "biotechnology" refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment. Prehistoric biotechnologists did this as they used yeast cells to raise bread dough and to ferment alcoholic beverages, and bacterial cells to make cheeses and yogurts and as they bred their strong, productive animals to make even stronger and more productive offspring. Throughout human history, we have learned a great deal about the different organisms that our ancestors used so effectively. The marked increase in our understanding of these organisms and their cell products gains us the ability to control the many functions of various cells and organisms. Using the techniques of gene splicing and recombinant DNA technology, we can now actually combine the genetic elements of two or more living cells. Functioning lengths of DNA can be taken from one organism and placed into the cells of another organism. As a result, for example, we can cause bacterial cells to produce human molecules; cows can produce more milk for the same amount of feed, and we can synthesize therapeutic molecules that have never before existed.
The human beings began to use biotechnology ______.
A．when they could walk on their feet
B．before they could plant their own crops
C．after they realized that they could raise their own animals
D．as soon as scientists began their studies on biotechnology
The IQ test has been eclipsed in turn. Most people studying intelligence and creativity in the new millennium now prefer a broader definition, using a multifaceted approach where talents in many areas are recognized rather than purely concentrating on academic achievement. If we are therefore assuming that talented, creative or gifted individuals may need to be assessed across a range of abilities, does this mean intelligence can run in families as a genetic or inherited tendency？ Mental dysfunction such as schizophrenia(精神分裂症)-- can, so is an efficient mental capacity passed on from parent to child？
Animal experiments throw some light on this question, and 'on the whole area of whether it is genetics, the environment or a combination of the two that allows for intelligence and creative ability. Different strains of rats show great differences in intelligence or 'rat reasoning'. If these are brought up in normal Conditions and then run through a maze to reach a food goal, the 'bright' strain make far fewer wrong turns that the 'dull' ones. But if the environment is made dull and boring the number of errors becomes equal. Return the rats to an exciting maze and the discrepancy returns as before -- but is much smaller. In other words, a dull rat in a stimulating environment will almost do as well as a bright rat who is bored in a normal one. This principle applies to humans too -- someone may be born with inborn intelligence, but their environment probably has the final say over whether they become creative or even a genius.
Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement, are able to achieve significant and sustainable levels of ~academic or sporting prowess. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result almost by default -- in order to ensure their safety. They may also talk earlier, and this, in turn, breeds parental interest. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings(兄弟姊妹)who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Their creative talents may be undervalued and so never come to fruition(实现). Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. The first is that' the parents were able to identify the talents of each child, and nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. If the father is, say, a famous actor, there is no undue pressure for his children to follow him onto the boards, but instead their chosen interests are encouraged. There need not even by any obvious talent in such a family since there always needs to be someone who sets the family career in motion, as in the case of the Sheen acting dynasty.
Martin Sheen was the seventh of ten children born to a Spanish immigrant father and an Irish mother. Despite intense parental disapproval he turned his back on entrance exams to university and borrowed cash from a local priest to start a fledgling(乳臭小儿)acting career. His acting successes in films such as Badlands and Apocalypse Now made him one of the most highly-regarded actors of the 1970S. Three sons -- Emilio Estevez,' Ramon Estevez a
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
The Sky's Limit
Air travel is a rapidly growing source of greenhouse gases. But it is also an indispensable way of travel.
The new A380
The double-decker A380, the biggest airliner the world has seen, landed at Heathrow last month to test whether London's main airport could handle the new 550-seater, due to enter commercial service at the end of this year. It was a proud moment for Britain's Rolls-Royce, the makers of the aircraft's Trent 900 engines. Rolls-Royce says the four Trents on the A380 are as clean and efficient as any jet engine, and produce "as much power as 3,500 family cars". A simple calculation shows that the equivalent of more than six cars is needed to fly each passenger.
Take the calculation further: flying a fully laden A380 is, in terms of energy, like a 14km (nine-mile) queue of traffic on the road below. And that is just one aircraft. In 20 years, Airbus reckons, 1,500 such planes will be in the air. By then, the total number of airliners is expected to have doubled, to 22,000. The huge airplane alone would be pumping out carbon dioxide (CO2) at the same rate as 5 million cars.
That may not seem much compared with the 60 million vehicles that pour off assembly lines every year—or the 1 billion vehicles already on the world's roads. But whereas cars are used roughly for about an hour or so a day, jet airliners are on the move for at least 10 hours a day. And they burn tax-free, highoctane (高能量的) fuel, which dumps hundreds of millions of tonnes of CO2 into the most sensitive part of the atmosphere.
Aviation is a relatively small source of the emissions blamed for global warming, but its share is growing the fastest. The evidence is strong. As a result, aviation is increasingly attracting the attention of environmentalists and politicians. Amid much controversy, CO2caps (最高限制) and carbon-trading could soon be used to help curb aircraft emissions.
Frequent flyers, free riders
Airlines are accused of having a free ride in terms of air pollution because they pay no tax on the fuel they use for international flights. Even though today's aircraft are about 70% more efficient than those of 40 years ago, concerns over emissions have grown. Despite booming demand for air travel, many airlines are losing money. Now green campaigners want people to think twice before they fly. The opposing voice is particularly loud in Europe, where low-cost carriers are expanding fast on busy shorthaul (短距离) routes. The European Parliament will vote in July on a proposal to limit aircraft emissions.
America is deeply unhappy at the prospect of its airlines being affected. Sharon Pinkerton, a senior representative of the Federal Aviation Administration insisted, on a visit to Brussels last year, that American carriers should be exempted from the scheme. This sets the scene for another transatlantic aviation dispute, to add to the two bitter and long-running disputes over subsidies to Europe's Airbus and the liberalisation of air traffic between the two continents.
The airlines are growing nervous. The big international carriers represented by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) would rather Europe waited for the deliberations of a United Nations body, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), which has set technical, legal and safety rules for more than 50 years. International aviation was excluded from the Kyoto protocol on global warming, but only on condition that, by the end of 2007, countries and airlines worked under the umbrella of ICAO to come up with a way of reducing emissions through a trading scheme.
Soon after the end of the second world war the member governments of ICAO agreed that airlines should be free of fuel taxes. Some say this was to outlaw unilateral taxes that could distort markets, but others reckon it was done to boost the fledgling airline in
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Yet tourism may in fact be the true salvation of humankind's cultural heritage. After all, it's the main countervailing force to internationalization—that is, the global blah of TV, T shirts, tract housing, fast-food chains, business suits, malls and brand names. Internationalization has, in practice, been a process of everyone's coming to live and act the same; the Japanese gave up their kimonos because they were considered "unmodern". But tourists are looking for something old and something different—and they'll pay for it.
The effect can be seen across the globe, rescuing traditional cities and cultures from the brink of extinction. Just five years ago the indigenous community of the Cayapas lived in little concrete houses with television sets, having moved from file banks of the Canande River in northwestern Ecuador to settle alongside the highway. They had nearly all abandoned the traditional hand-woven garb of their ancestors, and instead donned Nikes. "That's what progress meant to them," says Pedro Armend riz, a tourism and development-planning engineer based in Quito. "It meant wearing tennis shoes and jeans, and having a TV so all the women could watch their soap operas every day."
Thanks to an influx of tourists, things have recently changed for the Cayapas. With visitors coming in search of community, or ethnic, tourism—to eat, work and often even live with the indigenous people—the Cayapas are embracing the nearly forgotten culture of their ancestors. Once again, they are wearing traditional clothes, building old-style. homes and using traditional agricultural techniques. "They have become a sustainable community microbusiness, with a preservationist conscience, because they have understood that their indigenous roots are what interest tourists," says Amend riz. "It makes them value their ancestral culture."
The situation is similar throughout Latin America, where interest in cultural and ecological tourism has been on the rise in recent years. Tourism to Guatemala, for example, with its Mayan heritage, lush rain forests and lakes surrounded by volcanoes, has doubled in the past decade to nearly 2 million foreign visitors a year. Their dollars have kept young indigenous women interested in learning the specialized craft of weaving on the Mayans' backstrap looms, says Alejandrina Silva, head of the Guatemalan Tourism Ministry's Cultural Heritage Office. "Indigenous artisanry forms an important part of the Guatemalan touristic product," she says. "If this were not the case, such crafts could die off and the younger generations would have to look for new trades that would allow them to survive."
Indeed, the souvenir trade—often maligned for promoting kitsch—can almost single-handedly keep fading cultures alive. In the Tatra National Park in Zakopane, in southern Poland, the highlander tradition of making smoked sheep cheese—dying out among the younger generation—has earned a new lease on life thanks to tourists' desire for unforgettable souvenirs. Highlanders make the cheese, or oscypek, in theft huts, forming it by hand and smoking it over a fire. Visitors feel free to chat with the locals as they watch, have a taste of the cheese and a glass of fresh goat's milk; most leave some money. They also snatch up the traditional clothing, wool hats, slippers and jackets—as well as sheep and goat cheese—on sale all over the city.
Tourism is not just about preserving old cultures; it can also influence modem ones. Catering to tourist whims provides a quick education for fledgling ent
A．being loud, rude and disruptive.
B．saving humankind's cultural heritage.
C．prostitution.
D．environmental degradation.
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