题目内容
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A、tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
B、tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
C、tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
D、tidal volume + residual volume
E、tidal volume + functional residual capacity
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A.pneumograph
B.spirograph
C.spirometer
D.spirometry
A、tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
B、tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
C、tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
D、tidal volume + residual volume
E、tidal volume + functional residual capacity
A、dead space x respiratory rate
B、tidal volume X respiratory rate
C、vital capacity X respiratory rate
D、residual volume X respiratory rate
E、functional residue capacity X respiratory rate
Walking—like swimming, bicycling and running—is an aerobic exercise, (1) builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles. Such exercises may be a primary factor in the (2) of heart and circulatory disease.
As probably the least strenuous, safest aerobic activity, walking is the (3)acceptable exercise for the largest number of people. Walking (4) comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardio respiratory system (5) stimulating the lungs and heart, but at a more gradual rate (6) most other forms of exercise.
In one test, a group of men 40 to 57 years of age, (7) at a fast pace for 40 minutes four days a week, showed improvement (8) to men the same age on a 30 minute, three-day-a-week jogging program in the same period. Their resting heart rate and body fat decreased (9) . These changes suggest (10) of the important—even vital—benefits walking can (11) about.
Walking (12) burns calories. It takes 3,500 calories to gain or (13) one pound. Since a one-hour walk at a moderate pace will (14) up 300 to 360 calories. By walking one hour every other day, you can burn up a-pound-and-a-half monthly, or 18 pounds (15) —providing there is no change in your intake of food. To (16) weight faster, walk an hour every day and burn up 3 pounds a month, or 36 pounds a year.
(17) your age, right now is the time to give your physical well being as much thought as you (18) to pensions or insurance. Walking is a vital defense (19) the ravages of degenerative diseases and aging. It is nature&39;s (20) of giving you a tuneup.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for latter for later use . It not only includes “remembering ” things like arithmetic or historical facts but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves . Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile . Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat .
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines . Computers , for example , contain devices for storing data for later use . It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being . The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words” —ready for instant use . An average American teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English . However , this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored . Consider , for example , the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight .
The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings . A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words .
According to the passage , memory is considered to be________.
A.the basis for decision making and problem solving
B.the ability to store information for future use
C.an intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words
The comparison between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that______.A.computer’s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager’s
B.computer’s memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being’s
C.computer’s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager’s
D.computer’s memory capacity is the same as a teenager’s
It is implied in the passage that______.A.only human beings have problem-solving intelligence
B.a person’s memory is different from a computer’s in every respect
C.animals can solve very simple problems
D.animals solve problems by instinct rather than intelligence
The phrase “in term of” in the last sentence can be best replaced by “______” .A.in connection with
B.expressed by
C.consisting
D.by means of
The main idea of the passage is________.A.what life would be like without memory
B.memory is of vital importance to life
C.how a person’s memory is different form an animal’s or a computer’s
D.what memory carries
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War has also lost most of its utility in achieving the traditional goals of conflict. Control of territory carries with it the obligation to provide subject people certain administrative, health, education, and other social services; such obligations far outweigh the benefits of control. If the ruled population is ethically or racially different from the rulers, tensions and chronic unrest often exist which further reduce the benefits and increase the costs of domination. Large populations no longer necessarily enhance state power and, in the absence of high levels of economic development, can impose severe burdens on food supply, jobs and the broad range of services expected of modem governments. The non economic security reasons for the control of territory have been progressively undermined by the advances of modem technology. The benefits of forcing another nation to surrender its wealth are vastly outweighed by the benefits of persuading that nation to produce and exchange goods and services. In brief, imperialism no longer pays.
Making war has been one of the most persistent of human activities in the 80 centuries since men and women settled in cities and became thereby "civilized", but the modernization of the past 80 years has fundamentally changed the role and function of war. In pre-modernized societies, successful warfare brought significant material rewards, the most obvious of which were the stored wealth of the defeated. Equally important was human labor--control over people as slaves or levies for the victor's army--and the productive capacity of agricultural lands and mines. Successful warfare also produced psychic benefits. The removal or destruction of a threat brought a sense of security, and power gained over others created pride and national self-esteem .
Welfare was also the most complex, broad-scale and demanding activity of pre-modernized people. The challenges of leading men into battle, organizing, moving and supporting armies, attracted the talents of the most vigorous , enterprising, intelligent and imaginative men in the society. "Warrior" and "Statesman" were usually synonymous, and the military was one of the few professions in which an able, ambitious boy of humble origin could rise to the top. In the broader cultural context, war was accepted in the premodernized society as a part of the human condition, a mechanism of change, and an unavoidable, even noble, aspect of life. The excitement and drama of war made it a vital part of literature and legends.
The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.
A．theorize about the role of the warrior statesman in pre-modernized society
B．explain the effects of war on both modernized and pre-modernized societies
C．Contrast the value of war in a modernized society with its value in per-modernized society
D．discuss the political and economic circumstances which lead to war in pre-modernized societies
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