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光时域反射法（OTDR）Optical time domain reflection m...

光时域反射法（OTDR）Optical time domain reflection method (OTDR) 基本原理：光源发出的光在沿光纤向前传输的过程中产生后向散射，后向散射光强在向后传播过程中随着距离增长而按一定规律衰减，在光速不变的情况下，距离与时间成正比。因此，根据探测器探测到的后向散射光强及其到达探测器的时间，就可以知道沿光纤路径上任一点的初始后向散射光强。Basic principle: the light emitted by the light source will generate backscattering in the process of forward transmission along the optical fiber, and the intensity of backscattered light will decrease in a certain rule as the distance increases in the process of backward propagation. Under the condition that the speed of light remains unchanged, the distance is proportional to time. Therefore, the initial backscattered light intensity at any point along the fiber path can be known based on the backscattered light intensity detected by the detector and the time it took to reach the detector. 光的后向散射包括瑞利散射、喇曼散射和布里渊散射3种形式。The backscattering of light includes Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering and brillouin scattering.

提问人：网友ltwcat 发布时间：2022-01-07

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第3题

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第5题

例题8-1

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第6题

天然气调峰方式Natural gas peak regulation 解决供气与用气之间不平衡问题的途径The way to solve the imbalance between gas supply and gas use：（）

A、随着用气量的变化及时调节气源的供气能力或设置机动气源。With the change of air consumption, adjust the air supply capacity of air source or set the mobile air source.

B、利用一些大型工业企业作为城市用气的缓冲用户。Use some large industrial enterprises as urban gas buffer users.

C、实行峰谷气价。Implement peak valley gas price. 鼓励双燃料发电行业夏季多用气（不同季节价格不同）Encourage the dual-fuel power generation industry to use more gas in summer (prices vary in different seasons).

D、设置各种储气设施。调峰方式主要包括地下储气库调峰、LNG调峰、液化石油气调峰、上游调峰、管道调峰、管束调峰和储气罐调峰等。Set up a variety of gas storage facilities. Peak regulation mainly includes peak regulation for underground gas storage, LNG peak regulation, LPG peak regulation, upstream peak regulation, pipeline peak regulation, tube bundle peak regulation and gas storage tank peak regulation.

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第7题

天然气储存方法Natural gas storage（）

A、气罐储气Gas storage tank

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D、液化石油气（LPG）调峰Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) peak shaving

E、长输管道末段储气Gas storage at the end of long pipeline

F、天然气的溶解储存Dissolved storage of natural gas

G、天然气水合物（NGH）的固态储存Solid state storage of natural gas hydrate (NGH)

H、天然气吸附储存Natural gas adsorption storage

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第8题

气罐储气Gas storage tank（）

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C、高压管束High pressure tube bundle

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第9题

低压干式罐Low pressure dry tank（）

A、主要由外简、沿外筒上下运动的活塞、底板及顶板组成。It mainly consists of a simplified piston, a bottom plate and a top plate moving up and down along the outer cylinder.

B、燃气储存在活塞以下部分，随活塞上下移动增减其储气量。The gas is stored below the piston and increases or decreases as the piston moves up and down.

C、不像湿式罐那样设有水封，可大大减少罐的基础荷载，对于大容积贮气罐的建造非常有利。Unlike the wet tank with water seal, can greatly reduce the tank foundation load, for large volume tank construction is very beneficial.

D、干式贮气罐的最大问题是密封问题，即如何防止在固定的外筒与上下活动的活塞之间产生漏气。The biggest problem with dry storage tanks is the sealing problem, which is how to prevent air leakage between the fixed outer cylinder and the moving piston.

E、根据密封方法不同，目前实际采用的有三种罐型。 According to the different sealing methods, there are three kinds of tank.

F、缺点：没有水槽，因而产生复杂而不易解决的密封问题，即如何防止活塞与外筒之间的漏气。需提高对罐体及活塞等部件施工质量的要求。Disadvantages: no sink, resulting in a complex and unsolvable problem of sealing, that is, how to prevent leakage between the piston and the outer cylinder. The construction quality of tank and piston should be improved.

G、优点: 没有水封，大大减少了罐的基础荷载，有利于建造大型储气罐，又节约金属。Advantages: no water seal, greatly reduce the tank base load, conducive to the construction of large gas storage tank, and save metal.

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第10题

地下储气库的类型Type of underground gas storage（）

A、利用已开采过的油气田储气；(最为理想和经济) Utilizing the oil and gas reserves that have been exploited; (ideal and economical)

B、利用含水多孔地层储气Use water - bearing porous formation to store gas

C、利用盐岩层建造储气库储气Use salt rock to build gas storage reservoir

D、利用岩穴储气Use of rock caverns to store gas

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