prohibit especially by legal means or social pressure
A.ban
B.accomplish
C.refer
D.annoyance
A.ban
B.accomplish
C.refer
D.annoyance
Passage Two
You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.
Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model&39;s body mass should be a workspace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.
The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16-low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization&39;s standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.
"Especially girls and tens", says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines." That&39;s especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia(厌食症)results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.
It&39;s commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.
Record&39;s suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.
In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model&39;s weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won&39;t be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer can&39;t survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week."
What do Record and Austin say about fashion models&39; body mass?
A.It has caused needless controversy.
B.It is focus of the modeling business.
C.It is but a matter of personal taste.
D.It affects models' health and safety.
填空:What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel _1_ about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We're _2_ with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the _3_ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结)lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物)wasn't eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more _4_ ways of doing it.
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation's food has come to be _5_ by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country's most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation's defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sitins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political.
But strong opinions have not brought _7_ . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become _8_ of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.
The _9_ in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It's no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It's what we eat—and how we _10_ it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.
A. answer
I. creative
B. result
J. belief
C. share
K. suspicious
D. guilty
L. certainty
E. constant
M. obsessed
F. defined
N. identify
G. vanish
O. ideals
H. adapted
A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American alcohol image and judges were lenient (宽容的) in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960's to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-to-20-year- old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.
Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop "responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.
Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks.
As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years' national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the "noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.
Which of the following best concludes the main idea of this passage?
A.Drunken driving has caused numerous fatalities in the United States.
B.It's recommendable to prohibit alcohol drinking around the United States.
C.The American society is trying hard to prevent drunken driving.
D.Drunken driving has become a national epidemic in the United States.
We assumed that students were "educated about professional conduct online and used better judgment." But medical students, it seems, are no different from the rest of us when it comes to posting drunken party pictures online or tweeting about their daily comings, goings and musings — however inappropriate they may be. Many students feel they are entitled to post what they wish on their personal profiles, maintaining that the information is in fact personal and not subject to the same policies and guidelines that govern their professional behavior. on campus. Though medical students would agree that physicians — and other professionals, like teachers — should be held to a higher standard of integrity by society, the new study suggests that they're confused by how rules apply, especially in cyberspace, once the white coat comes off. "They think it's something only for their friends, even though it's not private." says Dr. Neil Parker, senior associate dean for student affairs for graduate medical education at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.
That attitude is largely dictated by age, says Parker. In focus groups involving students, faculty, administrators and staff, the school has found a clear generational divide between those who tend to blur the line between their personal and professional lives and those who don't. Younger students were more likely than older staff members to believe that their thoughts and opinions were valid to post online, regardless of their potentially damaging or discriminatory impact on others.
The issue is especially relevant when it comes to discussing patient cases. Laws prohibit doctors from talking about patients using individually identifiable information. However, as Parker notes, sharing patient care experiences can be a useful and powerful learning tool for medical students that encourages "reflection, empathy and understanding," he writes in the paper. Although discussing their experiences online may be allowed, students must be made aware that identifying information is not limited to patients' names and that divulging other characteristics and details often violates patient-privacy laws.
It's that type of education that medical schools need to include more in their curricula. Ensuring that students are aware of privacy settings on social-networking sites is another. "Most students want us to provide them with education and guidelines, but not policies. It is a different culture; we always say we have to be culture-sensitive to our patients, but we have to be culture-sensitive to our students as well." Parker says.
What is true according to the survey?
A.Many medical students treat patients unjustly.
B.Lots of medical staff violates confidentiality laws on the Internet.
C.Many medical students fail to hold high professional standard.
D.Patients' privacy needs to be protected badly.
Young people under 18 (prohibit)______from buying cigarettes in that country.
为了保护您的账号安全,请在“简答题”公众号进行验证,点击“官网服务”-“账号验证”后输入验证码“”完成验证,验证成功后方可继续查看答案!