Read the passage and indicate if each of the underlined part is an example of enumeration or exemplification. Write EN for enumeration, and EX for exemplification. From sunscreens to protective clothing, be smart about tanning Sandra Guy - For the Sun-Times Could tanning be today’s glamorous cancer trigger, (A) much like cigarettes that were, in their heyday, marketed as sexy and sophisticated? Yes, say dermatologists and skin-cancer specialists. Indeed, the rate at which people are getting malignant melanoma — the most aggressive and life-threatening skin cancer — has skyrocketed to one in 50 people, compared with one in 1,500 nearly 90 years ago, says Dr. Sigrun Hallmeyer, a melanoma specialist at Advocate Medical Group. “It’s a striking increase,” she said. “It’s now the fastest-rising human malignancy, especially affecting young people.” And the incidence rate is still on the increase. How could this happen in (B) an age of smartphones, chat bots and digital assistants that offer information overload? After all, the key ways to prevent sun damage in adults are to wear a hat and protective clothing and apply a sunscreen with at least a 40 sun protection factor (SPF) that includes active chemical ingredients (C) such as oxybenzone, octinoxate, octisalate and avobenzone, says Trisha Calvo, deputy editor for health at Consumer Reports. The ingredients create a chemical reaction and work by changing ultraviolet (UV) rays into heat, then releasing that heat from the skin. “We recommend this for two reasons: (D) First, because in our [Consumer Reports] tests, we found that some sunscreens tested below the SPF number listed on the label,” Calvo says. “And second, because in our tests over the years, we have consistently found that mineral sunscreens perform less well than those with chemical active ingredients.” Sunbathers should liberally apply at least one ounce of sunscreen — roughly the size of one’s palm — over their bodies and reapply it every two hours, the experts say. (E) For children from six months to three years old, Dr. Adam Friedman, an associate professor of dermatology, says it’s best to use a sunscreen with mineral blockers such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide because chemicals can irritate babies’ and toddlers’ skin. For children ages 3 and up, and for teens, use sunscreens with both chemical and mineral blockers to maximize the effectiveness, said Friedman, who also serves as residency program director and director of translational research in the Department of Dermatology at The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences in Washington, D.C. The broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against both UVB and UVA exposure, as the latter penetrates the skin more deeply than does UVB exposure, says Dr. Lynne C. Napatalung, a dermatologist at the Illinois Dermatology Institute in Chicago and Buffalo Grove. UVA is more important for contributing to wrinkles by degrading or breaking down collagen, Napatalung says. The most effective protection is (F) to stay in the shade, cover children’s strollers, protect children’s bodies with clothing as much as possible and be vigilant, the doctors agreed. “Sun protection should start at the first moments of life,” Friedman says. “Caregivers need to be diligent. A bad sunburn can be life-threatening for a baby.” 问题1 填空 (2分) (A) is: ____.
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