题目内容
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When cocoa was first introduced into Europe，it soon became fashionable
A．as a drink．
B．as a gift．
C．as food．
D．as a medicine．
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The King and Queen never dreamed how important cocoa beans could be, and it remained for Hernando Cortez, the great Spanish explorer, to gasp the commercial possibilities of the New World offerings. During his conquest of Mexico, Cortez food the Aztec Indians using cocoa beans in the preparation of the royal drink of the realm, "chocolate," meaning warm liquid. In 1519, Emperor Montezuma, who reportedly drank 50 9r more portions daily , served chocolate to his Spanish guests in great golden goblets, treating it like a food for the gods. For all its regal importance, however, Montezuma's chocolate was very bitter, and the Spaniards did not find it to their taste. To make the concoction more agreeable to Europeans, Cortez and his countrymen conceived the idea of sweetening it with cane sugar.
While they took chocolate back to Spain, the idea found favor and the drink underwent several more changes with newly discovered spices, such as cinnamon and vanilla. Ultimately, someone decided the drink would taste better if served hot. The new drink quickly won friends, especially among the Spanish aristocracy. Spain wisely proceeded to plant cacao in its overseas colonies, which gave birth to a very profitable business. Remarkably enough, rite Spanish succeeded in keeping the art of the cocoa industry a secret from the rest of Europe for nearly a hundred years.
Spanish monks, who had been consigned to process the cocoa beans, finally let file secret out. It did not take long before chocolate was acclaimed throughout Europe as a delicious, health-giving food. For a while it reigned as the drink at the fashionable Court of France. Chocolate drinking spread across the Channel to Great Britain, and in 1657 the first of many famous English Chocolate Houses appeared.
The hand methods of manufacture used by small shops gave way in time to the mass production of chocolate. The transition was hastened by the advent of a perfected steam engine, which mechanized the cocoa grinding process. By 1730, chocolate had dropped in price from three dollars or more per pound to within financial reach of ail. The invention of the cocoa press in 1828 reduced the prices even further and helped to improve the quality of the beverage by squeezing out part of the cocoa butter, the fat that occurs naturally in cocoa beans. From then on, drinking chocolate had more of the smooth consistency and the pleasing flavor it has today.
The 19th Century marked two more revolutionary developments in the history of chocolate. In 1847, an English company introduced solid" eating chocolate" through the development of fondant chocolate, a smooth and velvety variety that has almost completely replaced the old coarse grained chocolate which formerly dominated the world market. The second development occurred in 1876 in Vevey, Switzerland, when Daniel Peter devised a way of adding milk to the chocolate, creating the product we enjoy today known as milk chocolate.
Who has foreseen the commercial value of the cocoa beans concoction in Europe？
A．King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in Spain.
B．Hernando Cortez, the great Spanish explorer.
C．Emperor Montezuma.
D．The Aztec Indians.
Questions are based on the following passage.
Cocoa contains chemicals calledflavanols （黄烷醇 ） that may help reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks by lowering blood pressure and improving the body"s use of insulin （胰岛素 ） .
Washington chocolate producer Steve Kumar said that is one reason dark chocolate is increasingly popular among his customers. "A lot of people are attracted by dark chocolate because they just decide they love it， and they also have been reading all about the health benefits of dark chocolate，" said Kumar.
But those benefits have not been confirmed by studies involving large numbers of people. Also， during the production of chocolate， a lot of flavanols are destroyed， while sugar and fats are added to contribute to flavor.
Scientists now want to learn the benefits of flavanols in their pure form.
They plan a four-year study of 18，000 adults， who will take pills of pure cocoa flavanols， in what is being called the largest test of its kind. Jo-Ann Manson， of the Brigham and Women"s Hospital in Boston， is the lead researcher. "This pill of cocoa flavanols will avoid having the calories and the sugar and the fat found in chocolate，" said Manson. The pills also won"t have any taste. Participants，divided in two groups， will take two identical pills a day. One group"s pills will contain flavanols， while the others will getplacebo （安慰剂 ） pills. "The amount of chocolate that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols would be more than ten times the amount that people would ordinarily eat，" said Manson.
Whatever the outcome of the study， Kumar said he"s not worried about his business. "People like the experience of actually biting into a piece of chocolate，whatever their favorites are，" he said.
The flavanol benefits test is still in the early stage， so scientists are not sure when the participants will be handed their first chocolate pills.
What chemical in cocoa may do good to the heart according to the passage？ 查看材料
A.Fat.
B.Insulin.
C.Sugar.
D.Flavanols.
"Some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to.
A．some cocoa trees.
B．some chocolate drinks.
C．some shops.
D．Some South American Indiana.
"some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ______.
A．some cocoa trees
B．some chocolate drinks.
C．some shops
D．some South American Indians
37 "Some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to
A．some cocoa trees.
B．some chocolate drinks.
C．some shops.
D．some South American Indians.
"Some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to（）
A．some cocoa trees
B．some chocolate dunks
C．some shops
D．some South American Indians
"Some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to.
A．some cocoa trees.
B．some chocolate ddnks.
C．some shops.
D．some South Amedcan Indians.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. The potato was the main food at Irish table. Thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine"(土豆饥荒) of 1845～1846, and thousands more were forced to move to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia (埃塞俄比亚). It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.
According to an Arabic story, coffee was discovered when a man named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red fruits on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.
According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years？
A．Food.
B．Chocolate drinks.
C．Potato.
D．Coffee.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. (80) Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845--1846, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the World's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd name Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.
According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years？
A．Food.
B．Chocolate.
C．Potato.
D．Coffee.
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